CALYX. 
oniv found in Endogenous plants ; is very large in some 
palms. The wild turnip (Arum) furnishes an example of a 
spatha inclosing a spadix (Fig. 70, a). 
From the peculiar appearance of the spadix as it stands sur- Fig- 70. 
rounded by the spatha, it is sometimes called Jack-in-the-box. 
The spatha is common in many of our cultivated exotics, as in 
the Narcissus, where it appears brownish and withered after 
the full expansion of the flower. Fig. 70, b, represents the 
spatha of the Arum; Fig. 70, c, represents the spatha of the 
Narcissus, In the Egyptian Lily {Calla ethiopica), the spatha 
is white and permanent, and the stamens and pistils grow 
upon diflferent parts of the spadix. Palms have a spadix 
which is often fruit-bearing. 
a. Glume (from gluma^ a husk). The flowers of the grasses 
have neither calyx nor corolla; the essential organs (stamens 
and pistils) are surrounded by small bracts or glumes, called 
by Linngeus the calyx. In the oat and wheat it forms the cTiaffi 
a part which is thrown away as worthless. In the oat (Fig. 71) 
there are two bracts, the one a little pig. n. 
lower than the other, and called the in- 
ferior or outer^ and the opposite one 
the superior or inner glume. In some 
of the grasses, the glumes include many 
flowers. 
h. The bracts situated at the base of 
each separate flower are called glur 
melles or palem (by LinnoBus, the corolla) ; while the glumes 
at the base of a spikelet of flowers, answer to the involu- 
crum. In the oat (Fig. 71) there is, proceeding from the 
back of the palea, a beard called an awn / when this proceeds 
from the apex of the valve, it is called a seta or hristle. The 
glumes are never awned, but sometimes bear bristles. The 
bracts of grasses are transformed petioles^ the awn is the midrib^ 
and bristles are extensions of the same. Within the palese, at 
the base of the ovary, may often be found one or two minute 
bracts, called squamulm^ or little scales. 
c. Calypti^a (from the Greek), signifying a veil. It is the cap, 
or hood of pistillate mosses, resembling in form and position 
the extinguisher of a candle."^ Yolva^ the ring, or wrapper oi 
the fungus plants ; it first incloses the head of the Fungus, 
afterward bursts and contracts, remaining on the stems, or at 
the root.f 
ct We have followed the divisions of Linnaeus in describing the different kinds of 
calyces. We find that the calyx is not essential, but its presence adds to the com- 
pleteness of the flower ; in some cases it is the most showy part ; as in a species of 
the Lady's ear-drop, where it ia of a bright scarlet color, and in the Egyptian Lily, 
• See Fig. 160, c t See Fig. 161, d. 
a. GluniP— i. Palea — c Calvutra — Usee of the calv». 
