PISTILS. 
Fig. 83 
Fig. 83 represents a stamen with its filament a, 
.ts an her h, and the discharging pollen c. When 
4;he filament is wanting, the anthers are then said 
to be sessile, as at d, which represents a flower cut 
open, showing its stamens growing sessile in the 
throat. 
a. In the lily and proper grasses, the 
anther is fixed by its middle upon the 
apex of the filament, as upon an axis ; it 
is then said to be mrsatile ; when the base of the anther is 
firmly united with the summit of the filament, it is said to 
be erect ; when it adheres by its back to the side of the fila- 
ment, it is adnate j when it grows to the inside of the fila- 
ment, or is turned inward, it is said to be int?vrse when 
it is turned outward, extrorse. 
Fig. 84, A, represents a 
magnified stamen,* with a 
lanceolate anther, denticulate 
at the sides, with two hairy 
appendages ; filament short. 
At B If the filament is 
bearded at the base ; the 
anther is two-lobed, rent- 
form. B 2 shows the two 
cells in each lobe, which is 
cut horizontally. At C,:}: the 
three filaments are distinct 
at the base, and connected at 
the upper part ; anthers ad- 
nate, linear, twisting. At D,§ 
the anther is sagittate, the 
filament bent, and glandular 
in the middle (at a). At E, || the lobes of the anthers c are di- 
vergent; a is the filament, 6 the connective of the anthers. 
At F,^ we see at a, cordate, pedicelled glands ; h, pubescent 
filament; c, anther opening by four valves, throwing out pol- 
len. At G,** the anthers are reniform, ciliate, opening trans- 
versely ; lobes confluent at the summit, divergent at the base. 
At H,ff the filament is enlarged at the summit; the two lobe^ 
of the anther a a, adnate at the sides, parallel distant. In some 
cases the stamens are exserted, in the early stage of the flower, 
and in process of growth become included, as Geranium striatum 
(Fig. 85). 
80. The Pistil occupies the center or axis of the flower ; it 
constitutes the inner whorl, and consists of one or more modified 
leaves, which are here called carpels. The analogy of carpels 
to leaves iliay be deduced from their similarity of texture, hav- 
ing stomata and glands, and from the ovules corresponding in 
situation to the germs or buds of leaves. According to the 
Fig. 85. 
* Of the Boraginacem family. 
+ Of the Trade scantia virginica. 
X Of the CucurbitacecB family. 
1 Of the TiliacecB family. 
J Of the Lahiatm family. 
*| Of the iMuracuc family. 
** Of the LabiatcB family, 
f-f Of the genus Begonia. 
a. Position of \t anther — JElxplain figures. — 80 Structure of the pistil. 
