DIVISION OF COMPOUND FLOWERS. 
179 
263. Order Frustranea. — The third Order lias the dish florets 
perfect^ those of the ray are neiitral j an abortive seed is 
eometimes seen at the base of the florets ; the name Frust/ranea 
alludes to this imperfect seed. The Sun-flower (IIelianthus) is 
a very good plant to examine, as the organs are large and de- 
velop clearly the peculiar character of its natural and artiflcial 
alliances. Fig. 152, represents the flower of the Coreopsis ; 
a floret of the disk, with its bifid stigma 
above the tube formed by the united an- 
thers ; c shows a ray floret, which is neu- 
tral. In this order is the Centaueea 
leiiedicta^ or blessed thistle, a native of 
Spain, which received its name on ac- 
count of some extraordinary virtues which 
it was thought to possess. 
264. Order Necessaria. — ^The fourth 
Order includes plants in which the rays 
only are pistillate., the dish florets stam- 
inate. We find here the pot-marigold 
(Calendula), a cultivated plant, com- 
monly with orange-colored leaves and stem ; sometimes used for 
soups. 
265. Order Segregata. — The flftli Order contains genera, with 
each floret having a calyx proper to itself, besides a common 
calyx including the whole of the florets which make up the 
flower; this may be called a doubly-compoimd flower. The 
only plant of this order yet discovered in the United States is 
the elephant's-foot (Elephantopus), a low, hairy-leaved plant, 
with purple, ligulate florets. 
266. The plants of the class Syngenesia were, by Jussieu, 
subdivided as follows : 1st. Those with florets all ligulate andper- 
feet; leaves alternate, hamng milhy juice ; corollas mostly yellow. 
This includes the dandelion and lettuce. 2d. Compound flow 
ers with tubular corollas; with receptacles fleshy and chaffy; 
egret stiff and bristly ; leaves often with ha.rsh prichles ; flowers 
in a head. This includes the thistle, burdock, and false saffron. 
3d. Such compound flowers as have their inflorescence chistered 
in a corymb / as the life-everlasting, boneset, and aster. The 
plants of the class Syngenesia are, in general, easily recogDized 
at the first glance. 
a. A botanist observes, " Syngenesious plants have a weed-like appearance, net- 
withstanding the beauty of their coloring ; the stems and leaves are often rough, and 
tliey seem to have been less completely reclaimed from their savage state than most 
other plants, with the exception of the Cryptogamous class."* Few plants of tUa 
* Barton. 
263. Order Frustranea— Sun-flower— Coreopsis— Blessed thistle.— 264. Order Necessaria.— 265. Ordei 
Segregata — Elephant's-foot. — 266. Jussieu's division of compound flowers. 
