208 
MONOPETALOUS OEDEES. 
Calyx adherent to t5ie ovary, lirrib usually with 4 or 5 divisions, 
sometimes obsolete. Corolla tubular 
or rotate, with the same number of 
divisions as the calyx. Stamens in- 
serted on the tube of the corolla, alter- 
nate with its lobes. Fruit various. 
Seeds 1 or many in each cell, albu- 
minous. This order nas been subdi- 
vided into, 1. Stellatoe^ with square 
stems and verticillate leaves. 2. Cin- 
choncB^ with rounded stems and oppo- 
site leaves furnished with stipules. 
3. LoganicB^ with opposite, stipulate 
leaves, and the ovary nearly or en- 
tirely free from the calyx. 
a. Properties : active and generally febrifugal 
properties prevail : the roots of madder yield an 
important dye. 
Genera. — 1. Stellate — Galium, Rv.bia. 2. Cin- 
chona — Spermacoce, Diodia, Cephalunthus, Psy- 
chotria, Mitchella, Hivmiltonia, Hedyotis, Ophior- 
rhiza, Pinckneya, Houstonia, Cliiococea. 3. Loqan- 
IM or Spigelia — Spigelia. 
Fig. 192, a, Galium circcezans ; b, a flower, 
enlarged ; c, stamens and pistil. 
4(jY. Yalerianace^, the Valeria/n 
Tribe. — Herhs with opposite leaves. 
Flowers corymbose, panicled, or in 
heads. Calyx superior, its limb be- 
ing either membraneous or pappose. 
Corolla 4 or 5 lobed, tubular, sometimes spurred at the base. 
Stamens inserted on the corolla and alternate with its lobes. 
Ovary with one cell, and sometimes two other abortive ones ; 
ovule solitary. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Seed pendulous, exal- 
buminous ; embryo straight 
a. Properties : strong-scented or aromatic. The roots of some species are bitter 
tonic, aromatic, antispasmodic, and vermifugal. 
Genera. — Valerianella, Fedia, Plectritis, Valeriana, Phyllactis 
468. Dipsace^, the Teasel Tribe. — Herbs or under shrubs. 
Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers densely capitate, sur- 
rounded by an involucre. Calyx adherent, membraneous, re- 
sembling pappus. Corolla tubular, inserted in the calyx ; limb 
oblique, 4 or 5 lobed. Stamens 4, alternate with the lobes of 
the corolla. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Seed 
solitary, pendulous ; embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy 
albumen. 
Genera. — Dipsacus, Scabiosa. 
