NATUIIAL OPDERS. 
275 
hemes alternae, rough. Calyx 4 or 5 parted, persistent 
Corolla generally regular, 4 or 5 cleft, aestivation imbricated. 
Stamens inserted upon the corolla, and alternate with its 
lobes. Ovary 4-parted, the style proceeding from the base of 
the lobes. Fruit consisting of 2 to 4 distinct achsenia. Seeds 
destitute of albumen. 
a. Properties : generally mucila- 1^^. 
ginous and emollient. 
Genera. — Onosmodiura, Echium, 
Pulmonaria, Lithospermum, Batschia, 
Lycopsis, Anchusa, Myosotis, Sym^ 
phitum, Borago, Cynoglossum, Rocha- 
iia, Heliotropium. 
Fig. 198, a, Symphitum officinale : 
b, a diagram of its flower ; c, its pis- 
til ; d, a vertical section of a nut. 
491. Hydrophyllace^, 
the Water-leaf Tribe,— Trees, 
shrubs, or herbs. Leaves al- 
ternate, often lobed. Flow- 
ers in cymose clusters, or 1- 
sided racemes. Calyx deeply 
S^cleft, persistent. Corolla 
iregular, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, 
inserted into the base of the 
corolla, alternate with its 
Jobes. Ova/ry free, 1 or 2 celled. Fruit capsular, 2-valved, 
1-2-celled, with a parietal, or large, central placenta. Seeds 
tew, crustaceous ; embryo in the midst of abundant cartilagin- 
.ous albumen. 
GrENEEA. — Hydrophyllum, EUisia, Nemopliila, Phacelia, Hydrolea. 
492. Gentianace^, the Gentian Tribe. — Herbs with a watery 
juice. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire, sessile. Flowers 
regular, often showy. Calyx gamosepalous, usually 4 or 5 
divided, persistent. Corolla d!\N\A^^ into as many lobes as the 
calyx. Stamens inserted upon the tube of the corolla alternate 
with its lobes. Ova/ry composed of 2 carpels, 1-celled. Cap 
sule or berry many-seeded ; embryo minute, in fleshy albumen. 
There are two sub-orders : — 1. Gentianse, corolla imbricated, 
leaves opposite, simple, and entire. 2. Menyanthese, corolla 
^plaited or induplicate, leaves alternate, and compound or di- 
vided. 
a. Properties : an intense bitterness pervades all their organs, hence they are 
A^ed as tonics. 
Gknera. — I. Gentians— Gentiana, Swertia, Frasera, Exacum, Centam-ella, Sab- 
Satia, Lisianthus. 2. Mejvyanth^ — Menyanthes, Villarsia. 
493. CoNvoLvuLACE^, i^^e Couvolvulus Tribe. — -Twining heirhs 
