KATITRAL ORDERS. 
285 
Fic;. 206. 
Sub-order Artocarpe^, the Bread-fruit Tribe. — Seed erect or 
pcsndulous, albuminous ; embryo straight; juice milky. 
Genera. — Artocarpus. 
Fig. 207, a, staminate flower of Urtica urens (nettle) expanded ; 6, perianth 
mxh 4 divisions ; s, stamens thrown back by the elasticity of the filaments, with 
the anthers burst ; p, pistillate flower, the two outer segments of the perianth very 
small; o, 1 -celled ovary ; st, sessile stigma; c, pistil cut vertically to show the di- 
rection of the erect ovule ; /, seed cut perpendicularly to the cotyledons. 
Sub-class II. — Gymnospermous, Exogenous Plants. 
529. Conifers, the Fir Tribe. — Trees or shrubs with branch- 
ed trunks, abounding in resin, the wood marked with circular 
disks. Leaves linear, lanceolate, or acerose, usually evergreen. 
Flowers monoecious or dioecious, commonly amentaceous. In 
the staminate flowers each floret consists of one or more sta 
mens destitute of calyx or corolla, and arranged upon a com-, 
mon rachis forming a loose ament. Pistillate flowers in 
cones. Ovary flat and scale-like ; ovules in pairs, adherent to 
the base of the ovary. Fruity a cone formed of scale-shaped 
ovaries enlarged and indurated. Integument of the seed crusta- 
ceous ; embryo in fleshy, oily albumen ; cotyledons 2, or many. 
a. Properties : important timber-trees, furnishing valuable resinous products. 
Genera. — 1. Abiet^ — Pinus. 2. Cupress^ — Juniperus, Thuja, Cupressus. 3. Tax^ 
— Taxus. 
530. Ctcadace^, the Cycas Tribe. — Small trees or shrubs 
with simple, cylindrical trunks. Leaves pinnate, circinate in 
vernation. Flowers dioecious, terminal, destitute of calyx or 
corolla. Stam,inate flowers in a strobile or cone. Pistillate 
flowers also in strobiles, or occupying contracted and partly 
metamorphosed leaves. Ovules solitary, naked. Seeds hard 
or spong3^-coated nuts. 
^ejseea. — Cycas, Zamia. 
