288 
APETALOUS ORDERS. 
masses (pollinia). Ovary adherent, 1-celled, with 3 parieta. 
placentae ; stigma viscid, oblique. Fruit capsular, opening by 
3 to 6 valves. Seeds numerous, minute; embryo solid, fleshy, 
without albumen. 
a. Properties: some are aromatic and fragrant, others are tonic and antispas- 
modic : the tuberous roots are often filled with a dense glutinous or mucilaginous 
Bubstance. Cultivated chiefly for their beauty and singularity. 
Genera. — Liparis, Microstylis, Malaxis, Calypso, Corallorhiza, Aplectrura, Epi- 
dendrum, Cymbidium, Tipularia, Orchis, Platanthera, Habenaria, Listera, Neotfia, 
Pogonia, Triphora, Arethusii, Goody era, Cypripedium, Cranichis. 
Fig. 209, a, flower of 
Spiranthes autu7nnalis Fig. 209. 
after the ovary has 
twisted on itself ; o, 
ovary with the adherent 
perianth ; ce, external, 
ci, internal divisions of 
the perianth ; I, labellum 
or lip, being the lower 
of the three inner seg- 
ments ; /, flower cut 
vertically ; s, stigma ; 
a, anther ; ayi, anther "^^^jl^^-^^oV 
separated, its inner sur- 
face shown with its two cells ; ov, horizontal section of the ovary with 8 parietal 
placentae bearing numerous ovules. 
Fig. 210, Cypripedium puhescens (yellow lady's-slipper) : roots fibrous and fas- 
ciculated ; istem simple, erect ; leaves alternate, sessile, 
elieathing, oval or oblong, entire, parallel-veined ; Jlower Fig. 210. 
sessile, with bracts. 
541. ZiNGiBERACE^, the Ginger Trihe. — 
Aromatic, tropical herbs^ with a creeping 
rhizome. Stem formed of the cohering 
bases of the leaves. Leaves simple, sheath- 
ing, with parallel veins proceeding from 
the midrib to the margin. Flowers aris- 
ing from among membraneous, spathaceous 
bracts. Calyx tubular, 3-lobed, short. Co- 
rolla tubular, irregular, 6-parted, the seg- 
ments in two whorls. Stamens 3, distinct, 
of which the two lateral are abortive ; fila- 
ment often extending beyond the anther in 
the form of a lobed or entire appendage; 
anther 2-celled, its lobes often embracing 
the upper part of the style. Ova/ry 3-celled ; 
style filiform ; stiama dilated, hollow. Fruit a 3-celled cap- 
sule or berry. Seeds roundish or angular ; embryo inclosed m 
a little sac (vitellus) at the extremity of farinaceous albumen. 
a. Properties : aromatic and stimulant. 
Genera. — Zingiber, Curcuma. 
542. CANNACE.E, the Arrow-root Tribe. — Herbaceous tropical 
T-ilants destitute of aroma, with tuberous rhizomes. Stem often 
