NATURAL ORDERS. 
29S 
filaments. Oiiary single, 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae, oi 
3-celled. Fruit a capsule. Seeds numerous ; erywryo on the 
outside of mealy albumen. 
Genus. — Xyris. 
557. Eriocaulonaceje, tTie Pipe-wort Tribe, — Swampy or 
aquatic herbs. Leaves linear, cellular, or fleshy. Flowers^ mo- 
noecious or dioecious, very minute, spiked or capitate. Perianth 
glumaceous. Stamens definite, when 2 or 3 in number opposite 
the inner glumes. Ovary 3 or 2 celled ; ovules solitary. Fruit 
a capsule. Seed solitary, pendulous ; embryo lenticular, out 
side of mealy albumen. Fig. 214. 
Genus. — Eriocaulon. 
558. Cyperacejs, the Sedge 
Tribe. — Grass-like herbs with 
solid stems, and usually fibrous 
roots. Leaves narrow or taper, 
and the sheaths entire, (not 
slit). Perianth none, or of a few 
bristles. Stamens usually 3, hy- 
pogynous. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 
2 or 3, more or less united. 
Fruit an achenium ; embryo 
lenticular, inclosed in farina- 
ceous albumen. 
Genera. — 1. Caric^ — Car ex. 2. Scle- 
&%M — Scleria. 3. Riiynchospore^ — Rhyn- 
chospora, Schaenus. 4. Scirpe^ — Scirpus. 
Fig. 214, Scirpus lacustris : a, a flower surrounded with bristles; b, a seed ; c, a 
section of a seed showing the embryo. 
559. Graminace^, the Grass Tribe. — Herbaceous plants with 
cylindrical, hollow, and jointed stems, called ouhtis. Boots 
fibrous and capillary. Leaves narrow, alternate, with the sheath 
split. Flowers consisting of imbricated bracts, of which the 
exterior are called glumes / those that immediately inclose each 
flower, palem. Glumes usually 2, alternate. PalecB 2, alternate. 
Stamens commonly 3 ; anthers versatile. Ovary simple ; styles 
2 or 3 ; stigmas feathery or hairy. Fruit a caryopsis ; embryo 
email, attached to a farinaceous albumen. 
a. Properties : valuable as food for men and animals. 
Genera. — 1. Oryze^ — Leersia, Oryza, Hydrochloa, Zizania. 2. Phalare.e — Zea 
Ooix, Alopecurus, Phleum, Phalaris, Holcus. 3. Panice.e — Paspalum, Millium, Pani 
cum, Pennisetum. 4. Stipes — Oryzopsis, Stipa, Aristida. 5. Agroste^ — Muhlen- 
bergia, Agrostis. 6. Arundine^ — Arundo, Phragmites, 7. Avene^ — Anthoxan- 
thum, Aira, Avena, Danthonia. 8. FESTUCEiE — Sesleria, Poa, Briza, Kceleria, Melica, 
Dactylis, Festuca, Bromus, 9. Horded — Lolium, Triticum, Secale, Elymus, Hor- 
deum. 10. Rotboelle^ — Nardus, Rotbollia, Tripsacum. 11. Andropogone^e — Sac 
charum, Erianthus, Sorghum, Andropogon, Monocera, Mugia. 
5. Cypere^ — Cyperus, Kyllingia. 
