SOO ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERSL 
present century, is a great progress. We are to go forward, notwith- 
standing discouragements. 
In Part IV. the student meets with general information upon the 
Vegetable World and the other Kingdoms of Nature, with a History 
of Science. Part V. is devoted to the Natural System. It is the object 
of the following Analytical Table to teach this system, as it is of Part 1. 
to teach the Linnsean System. To those who have faithfully studied 
the latter, there is provided a rich treat in making the knowledge thus 
acquired subservient to the comprehension of the great Natural System. 
We would suggest to teachers that they should wait before commenc- 
ing the Natural System, till their pupils have become somewhat fami- 
liar with Structural Botany, and the language of the science by fre- 
quent reference to the vocabulary as required in the analysis of plants 
by the Linnaean System. The study of Genera is the great thing, by 
whatever system they may be found. In this book, the Genera are ar- 
ranged in alphabetical order, for the study of species. The Generic 
characters are found described under the Linnaean Class and Order 
where the particular genus is placed. 
With reference to the Artificial Key to the Natural System, Lindley 
remarks : " The principle on which the Key is constructed is always to 
contrast characters in pairs, and to refer from one contrast to another 
till at last there is nothing left out of which a further contrast can be 
drawn up ; at that point, where comparison ceases, you ought to find 
the object of your search. This, which is called DicJiotomous Analysis^ 
is that, in fact, which the human mind habitually, though unconsciously, 
employs in all its operations." 
First Analysis. — As the Lily is the first flower the structure of which 
is explained in this book (see page 14), we will commence our analysis 
by the Natural Method, with this plant. In the Table* we look at the 
first pair of characters, and we see that the lily is described by 
1 Plants having distinct and visible flowers ; we then go on to 
2 Leaves are not net-veined ; it has no woody stem with concentric layers; but the 
second set of characters agree with the lily, viz. : leaves straight-veined, or 
feather-veined, and not in concentric layers, and we are directed to 
205 The Flower has distinct petals, which carries us to 
213 Stamens ayid styles separate. 
214 Ovary superior. 
219 Carpels qiiiie united. 
221 Sepals and petals {perianth) alike. 
221 Flowers colored. 
223 Anthers turned inwards (introrse). 
224 Petals shrivelling irregularly after flowering. We find our plant to belong to the 
Order Liliacb^ which is described at section 551, page 291. 
* Seo page 302 of the Supplement. 
