344 CLASS V. 
superior, uiincte, angular, 4-cleft; corolla 
funnel-form; receptacle globular, hairy; 
capsule 2 to 4-celled ; seed solitaiy, oblong, 
(button-bush.) 
Dip"sACUS. Flowers in an ovate or round- 
ish head ; common calyx polyphillous, folia- 
^eous, proper calyx monophyllous, supe- 
rior; corolla tubular, 4-cleft; seed solitary; 
receptacle conic, chaffy, (teasel.) 
Ga'lium. Calyx 4-toothed ; corolla flat, 
4-cleft ; fruit dry ; seeds 2, roundish ; leaves 
stellate, (bedstraw.) 
Ru'bia. Calyx small, 4-toothed, supe- 
rior ; corolla bell-form ; filaments shorter 
than the corolla ; fruit pulpy, (madder.) 
ScABio'sA. Involucre many-leaved ; calyx 
double, superior ; corolla tubular ; filaments 
onger than the limb of the corolla ; seed 
naked, crowned by the calyx. 
Dio'dia. Calyx with the tube ovate, 2 or 
4-toothed ; corolla funnel-form, 4-lobed ; cap- 
sule ovate, 2-celled. 
Hedyo'tis. Calyx 4-toothed ; corolla tu- 
bular, bearded at the throat, 4-parted ; cap- 
sule ovate, 2-celled, many-seeded. 
Housto'nia. Calyx 4-toothed; corolla 
salver form, 4 cleft; capsule 2-celled, many- 
seeded, opening transversely, (innocence.) 
Spermaco'ce. Corolla funnel-form, 4-cleft; 
capsule 2-celled ; .seeds 2, 2-toothed. S. 
Mitch el''la. Calyx 4 toothed ; corollas 2 
on each germ, funnel-form, tube cylindric, 
limb 4-parted, spreading, villose on the in- 
side ; stamens scarcely exsert, stigma 4-cleft; 
berry double, 4-seeded. (partridge-berry.) 
Linn^'a. Calyx double, that of the fruit 
2-leaved, inferior, that of the stigma glo- 
bose ; berry 3-celled, dry. (twin-flower.) 
Cor"nus. Calyx 4-toothed; drupe with a 
2-celled nut. Some species have a 4-leaved 
involucrum. (dogwood, false box.) 
Ludwig"ia. Calyx 4-parted. persist^t; 
aorolla sometimes 3 ; capsule quadrangular, 
4-celled, inferior, many-seeded. 
Eleag'^nus. Calyx 4-cleft, bell-form, col- 
ored within ; anthers sub-sessile ; style short; 
drupe 1-seeded, marked with 8 furrows. S. 
Polypre'mum. Calyx 4-parted ; corolla 
4 cleft, wheel-form, bearded at the orifice, 
stamens included ; capsule compres.sed, 2- 
lelled, many-seeded. S. 
B. Flowers inferior. 
Planta'go. Calyx 4-cleft ; corolla 4-cleft, 
reflex; capsule 2-celled, opening trans- 
i»^ersely ; stamens exsert, very long, (plan- 
stin, ribwort.) 
CliNTAUKEL'"LA. Calyx 4-parted; corol- 
la sub-campanulate, segments somewhat 
erect ; stigma thick ; capsule 1-celled, 2- 
valved, many seeded, surrounded by the 
persistent calyx and corolla. 
Ex^ACUM, Calyx deeply 4-parted ; corol- 
la 4-cleft, tube globose ; capsule bisulcate, 
2-celled, many-seeded. 
Swer"tia. Calyx flat, 4 or 5-parted ; corol- 
la 4 or 5-parted, tube short, border spread- 
iag, with 2 pores at the base of each ; style 
short ; stigma 2 ; capsule 1-celled, 2-valved. 
Frase'ra. Calyx deeply 4-parted- co- 
rolla 4-parted, spreading, segments oval, 
wrih a bearded orbicular gland in the mid- 
ORDER I. 
die of each; capsule compreswed, paitly 
emarginate, 1-celled ; seeds few, large, in* 
bricate, with a membranous margin. 
Ammann'^ia. Calyx bell-tubular, plaited, 
8-toothed ; petals 4 or none, on the calyx 
capsule 4-celled, many-seeded (sometimes 
2-celled and 8-stamened). (tooth-cup.) 
Pte'lea. Calyx 4-parted; petals 4, 
spreading ; stigmas 2 ; samara compressed, 
orbicular, 2-celled, 2-seeded. 
Ly'cium. Corolla tubular, having the 
throat closed by the beards of the fila- 
ments; stamens often 5; berry 2-celled, 
many seeded, (matrimony.) 
Krame'ria. Calyx none ; corofla 4 or 5- 
petalled ; nectary 4-leaved ; anthers perfo- 
rated ; drupe prickly. S. 
Cal''licar"pa. Calyx 4-cleft; corolla 
4-cleft ; berry 4-seeded. S. 
Rivi'na. Corolla 0 ; perianth 4-parted, 
persistent; stamens 4, 8, and 12; style 1 ; 
ben-y 1-seeded ; seeds lentiform, scabrous. 
Icto'des. General calyx a spatha ; spa- 
dix simple, covered with flowers ; perianth 
corolla-like, deeply 4-parted, permanent, 
becoming thick and spongy ; style pyramid- 
form, 4-sided ; stigma simple, minute ; ber- 
ries globose, 2-8eeded, enclosed in the 
spongy spadix receptacle, (skunk cabbage.V 
Sanguisor"ba. Calyx colored, 4-lobed, 
with 2 scales at the base ; capsule 4-sided, 
1 or 2 celled, (burnet saxifrage.) 
Alchemil'''la. Calyx 8-cleft, segments 
spreading, alternately smaller ; style lateral 
from the base of the germ ; fruit surrounded 
by the calyx, (ladies' mantle.) 
ORDER II. DIGYNIA. 
Hamame'lis. Involucrum 3-leaved ; peri- 
anth 4-Ieaved or 4-cleft ; petals 4, very long, 
linear ; nut 2-cel!ed, 2-horned. (witch ha- 
zel.) Flowers in autumn, and perfects its 
seed the following spring. 
Apha'nes. Calyx 2-cleft, alternate, seg- 
ments minute ; petals none ; stamens mi- 
nute ; styles 2 ; seeds 2, covered by the 
converging calyx, one of them often abor- 
tive ; stamens 1, 2, and 4. S. 
ORDER IV. TETRAGYNIA. 
Flex. Calyx minute, 4 or 5-toothed ; 
corolla 4-parted ; style 0 , stigmas 4 ; berry 
4- celled, cells 1-seeded. (holly.) 
Nemopan"thes. Flowers abortively di- 
oecious or polygamous ; calyx small, scarce- 
ly conspicuous ; petals 5, distinct, oblong- 
linear, deciduous ; ovary hemispheric, style 
none ; stigmas 3-4 sessile ; beriy sub-gio- 
bose, 3-4 celled. 
Rup'^piA. Calyx 0 ; corolla 0 ; seeds 4, 
pedicelled. 
Sagi'na. Calyx 4 or 5-parted ; petals 4 
— 5, or none ; stamens 4 or 5 ; capsule 4 or 
5- valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. 
Potamoge'ton. Flowers on a spadix; cal- 
yx and corolla 0 ; nuts 4, 1-seeded, sessile 
CLASS V. PENTANDRIA. 
ORDER 1. MONOGYNIA. 
A. Flowers l-petalled, infenor ; seeds ncu 
Iced in the bottom of the calyx. 
ROUGH-l EAVED plants. 
Myoso'tis. Calyx half 5-cleft. or 5-cleft 
corolla salver-form, curved, 5-r.left, vaulied. 
