566 
CLASS XVIII ORDER 1. 
ked egret simple, hairy ; florets of the ray 
yellow, often destitute of anthers. 
Sene'cio. Calyx sub-cylindric, equal, 
scaly at the base ; scales withered at the 
points ; receptacle naked ; egret simple ; 
rays sometimes wanting, (fire-weed.) 
Cr.vERA'RiA. Involucre simple, many- 
leaved, equal ; egret simple. 
Bolto'nia. Calyx imbricate; rays nu- 
merous ; receptacle conic, punctate ; seeds 
flat; egi-et consisting of minute bristles, 
with 2 elongated and opposite bristles, 
(false chamomile.) 
Chrysop"sis. Calyx imbricated; ray- 
florets mostly yellow ; receptacle naked ; 
egret double, outer one chaffy, minute, in- 
ner one scabrous, many-rayed. S. 
Dah^'lia. Receptacle chaffy; egret none; 
calyx double, outer one many-leaved, inner 
one 1 -leaved, 8-parted. Ex. 
[Receptacle chnffy or hairy \ 
An"thkmis. Calyx hemispherical ; scales 
with scai'ious margins, nearly equal ; egret 
0, or a membranous margin ; florets of the 
ray more than 5 ; receptacle chaffs flat, with 
a rigid, acuminate apex ; seed crowned 
with a membranous border or egret, (may- 
weed, chamomile.) 
Achii.le'a. Calyx imbricate, ovate, un- 
equal ; egret 0 ; florets of the ray 5 to 10, 
roundish, dilated ; flowers corynibed. (yar- 
row.) 
Heliop"sis. Calyx imbricate, with ovate- 
linear lined scales ; ray-florets linear, large; 
receptacle (>haffy, conic ; the chaff's lanceo- 
late ; seeds 4-sided ; egret 0. (sun-ray.) 
Hele'nium. Calyx 1-leafed, many-part- 
ed ; egret 5-awned, chaffy 'eaves ; recepta- 
cle globose, naked in the disk, and chaffy 
in the ray only; florets of the ray half 3- 
cleft ; seed villose ; leaves decuiTent. (false 
sunflower.) 
Verbesi'na. Calyx many leaved ; leafets 
disposed in a double series ; rays about 5 ; 
iceptacle chaffy; egret awned. (crown- 
beard.) 
EcLiP^TA. Involucrum many-leaved, the 
leaves nearly equal ; florets of the disk 4- 
deft ; egret none ; receptacle bristly. (S. 
Sie('esbec"kia. Outer involucrum 5- 
leaved, spreading, inner one many-leaved, 
5-angled, nearly equal ; rays only on one 
side of the flower ; receptacle chaffy; egret 
0 ; akenes somewhat 4-sided. 6'. 
Zin"nia. Calyx ovate, cylindric; rays 5, 
entire, permanent ; receptacle chaffy ; egret 
2. erect awns, (blood marygold.) S. 
order III. POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANIA. 
Hp'lian"thus. Calyx imbricate, sub- 
squarrose, leafy ; receptacle flat, chaffy ; 
egret 2-leaved, chaff-like, caducous, (sun- 
flower, Jerusalem artichoke.) 
Rudbeck"ia. Calyx consisting of a dou- 
ble series of leafets or scales ; receptacle 
chaffy, con'c ; egret a 4-toothed margin, or 0. 
'cone-flower.) 
Bi'iJENS. Calyx sub-equal, leafy or scaly 
at the base ; rays often wanting ; receptacle 
I chatty, hat ; egret of 2 or 4 awns , seed 
quadrangular. (burr-maiygr]d.) 
! CoREOP"sis. Calyx double, each aeries 
many-leaved, the interior equal and colored, 
receptacle chaffy; scales flat; seed com- 
pressed, emarginate. S. 
Centau"rea. Calyx various, mostly im- 
bricate, roundish; egret siiEple, various; 
receptacle bristly ; corollas of the ray fun- 
nel-shape, longer, iiregular. (blue-bottle, 
bles.sed thistle.) Ex. 
Lep"topo'da. Involucrum simple, majiy 
parted ; rays 20 or more, 3-cleft, widening 
at the top ; receptacle naked, hemispheri- 
cal ; egret consists of 8 to 10 awnless, chart- 
like valves. S. 
Galar"dia. Involucre many-leaved, flat, 
sub-equal ; rays 3-cleft, widening toward 
the top ; receptacle bristly, hemispherical ; 
egret chaffy ; leafets 8 to 10, awned. 6'. 
I Actinome'ris. Calyx simple, many- 
leaved, foliaceous, sub-equal, remote, elon- 
gated, 4 to 8 ; receptacle small, chaffy ; seed 
com.pressed ; margin crowned with 2 per 
: sistent awns. 
order IV. POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA. 
j Calen"dula. Calyx many-leaved, equal; 
receptacle naked ; egret none ; seeds of the 
disk membranaceous, (pot marygold.) Ex. 
Silph"ium. Calyx squarrose, scales 
broad and leafy ; receptacle chaffy ; seed 
.flat, obcordate, emarginate, bidentate. 
I Polym"nia. Calyx double, exterior 4 to 
5-leaved, interior 10-leaved ; leafets con 
cave ; receptacle chaffy ; egret 0. 
j Gymnosty'les. Involucre many-leaved 
the leafets in a single series ; pistillate flor 
i ets, apetalous ; akenes compressed, some- 
what toothed at the summit, awned with 
the permanent styles. (S^. 
I Parthe'niu.m. Involucrum 5-leaved 
rays very small ; receptacle chaffy, minute 
outer scales dilated ; akenes obovate, mi 
; nutely 3-awned. 
j TvA. Calyx about 5-parted ; florets of the 
j ray 5 ; receptacle having seeds obovate, na« 
I ked. (high-water shrub.) 
Chry^'sogo'num. Involucre 5-leaved ; re- 
ceptacle chatty ; egret 1-leaved, 3-toothed , 
akenes suiTOunded by a 4-leaved calycle. S. 
order v. POLYGAMIA SEGREGATA. 
Elephanto'pus. Partial calyx 4-flow- 
ered ; florets 5-cleft, ligidate, perfect ; recep- 
tacle naked ; down setaceous, (elephant 
foot.) 
Echi'nops. Proper calyx 1-flowered 
corolla perfect, tubular; receptacle setose 
(globe-thistle.) Ex. 
CLASS XVIIL GYNANDRIA. 
ORDER I. MONANDRIA. 
A. Anthers ad.nate, sub -terminal, not ca 
diicous ; masses of pollen affixed hy tht 
base, and made up of angular particles. 
Or''chis. Corolla ringent hke, upper pe- 
j tal vaulted ; lip dilated, spui red beneath ; 
masses of pollen 2 Qt^nnXn, terminal. (o»- 
chis.) 
