478 
SOPHORA— SPIlt^A. 
squamose ; flowers panicled ; radical leaves 
sub-runcinate ; cauliiie ones ovate, acnmi- 
nate, petioled, denticulate in the middle. 
3-5 f. Woods. 
pallid" lis, (y. J. If.) raceme compound, 
terminal ; leaves lance-ensiform, amplexi- 
caul, dentate. 2-3 f. 
carolimn'niis. (y. Au. @.) erect, glabrous, 
fistulous; leaves lanceolate, acute, undu- 
late, sub-spinose, toothed, auricled at the 
base, semi-amplexicaul ; Howlers somewhat 
umbelled. 13 f. S. 
SOPHO'RA. 10—1. (LeguminoscB.) 
se.iice'a, leaves pinnate ; leafets wedge- 
oval, smooth above, silky-villose beneath ; 
spikes many-flowered, sub-sessile ; flowers 
white. 2/. 1 f. 
j(ipon"icn, a tree which produces large 
bunches of cream-colored fiowers in Au- 
gust and September. The drooping so- 
phora, a variety of the japonica, is very 
different in appearance, being a trailing 
shrub, which sends out shoots six or eight 
feet long, in a single season. Ex. 
SOR"BUS. 11—5. (Rosacea.) [From sorbco, 
to suck up, because its fruit stops hemor- 
rhages.] 
amcrica'iia, (mountain-ash, w. M. 
leaves pinnate ; leafets lance-oblong, acute, 
serrate, very smooth ; flowers in terminal 
corymbs. The yellowish berries remain 
on the tree during winter. 13 20 f. 
microcar" pa, fruit small, scarlet. 
SOR"GHUM. 3—2. (Graminea ) [An Indian 
name.] 
sacchara'tum, (broom-corn, y-g. Au. ^.) 
panicle somewhat whorled, spreading ; 
seeds oval ; glumes covered with perma- 
nent, softish hairs ; leaves linear. From 
the East Indies. 6-8 f. 
vulga're, (Indian millet,) panicle com- 
pact, oval, nodding when mature ; seed 
naked. 
SPARGA'NIUM. 19—3. (Tijpha:.) [From 
sparganon, a band or fillet, from the long 
linear form and pliant texture of the leaves.] 
ramo'siim, (bur-reed, vv. Ju. @.) the 3- 
Bided bases of the leaves concave on the 
two outsides; the general fruit stem branch- 
ed ; stigmas linear. In water generally. 
Flowers in round heads; the staminate 
heads above the pistillate, and considerably 
the smallest. 
angns"tifo'linm, (floating bur-reed, w. 
Au. 14- ■) leaves flat, long linear, very nar- i 
row, much longer than the stem, weak ; I 
the part above water floating on its surface. ' 
Grov/s in great abundance in the little lake 
an Catskill Mountain, near the Mountaiu 
House. j 
SPARGANOPH"ORUS. 17—1. (Corymhife-\ 
ra.) [From sparganon, a crown, and phero, I 
to bear.] I 
ve Hi cilia' tus, (water crown cup, p. Au. 
2^.) leaves linear, verticillate ; pods few, ■ 
terminal ; egret 5 toothed, submersed. i 
SPAR"TIUM. Ifi— 10. (Leguminosce.) [From 
sparlo, a rope ; so called hecause tlie tough 
branches and bark are used in making cor- 
dage.] ] 
iujice'um, (Spanish broom, g. 1^.) branch- i 
' es opposite, virgate, with terminal flowers 
leaves lanceolate, glabrous, 
j scopa'rinm, (Scotch broom, g, ^ .) leaves 
ternate, sohtary, and oblong: flowers axil 
lary ; legumes pilose at the margin ; branch- 
es angular. 
SPER"GULA. 10—5. (Caryophyllea.) [Fiom 
spergos, to scatter.] 
nrve)i"sis, (spurry, w. Ju. @.) leaves 
whorled ; panicles dichotomous ; peduncles 
of the fruit becoming reflexed. 
saginoi'des, (pearl- wort spurry, w. J. 
glabrous; leaves opposite, subulate, awn 
less ; peduncles solitary, very long, smooth 
2-3 i. 
rii'bra, (red sand-wort, r. J. stem 
prostrate, glabrous; leaves filiform, fleshy, 
larger than the joints ; stipules cuneate- 
membranaceous, sheathing; stamens 5 ; cap- 
sule angular or globose. 8 i. 
SPERMACO'CE. 4-1. (RubiacecE.) [From 
sperma, seed, and akolce, a sliarp point ; the 
seeds being pointed.] 
te/i"vior, (w. Ju. @.) lanceolate; flowers 
verticillate, stamens included ; seeds hir- 
sute. (S'. 
diodi'jta, (Ju. 0.) stem terete ; leaves 
linear-lanceolate, sessile ; flowers axillary, 
sessile ; stamens shorter than the corolla. 
Dry soils. ^S*. 
iavolucra'ta, (w.) stem very hispid ; leaves 
ovate, lanceolate, acuminate ; stipules ma- 
ny bristled ; heads terminal, involucred , 
stamens longer than the corolla. 1 f. 
gla'bra, (w. J. ^.) stem procumbent 
glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, 
flowers verticillate ; seeds glabrous. jb\ 
SPIGR'LIA. 5—1. (Gentianfee.) [Named b> 
Linnaeus, in honor of Adrian Spigelias, a 
botanist who wrote in 1606.] 
maryland" ica , (Indian pink-root, p. J. 
2_C.) stem 4-sided ; leaves all opposite, ses- 
sile, lance-ovate, entire. 9-18 i. Sometimes 
called worm-grass, on account of its efficacy 
in ca.ses of disease arising from worms. 
SPINA'CIA. 20—5. KPolygonecR.) [From 
Ispania, Spain, whence it originated.] 
olera'cea, (spinach, J. @.) fruit sessile, 
prickly or unarmed ; leaves hastate-sagit- 
tate ; stem branched. 1-2 f. Ex. 
SPIR^'A. 11—5. {RosacecE.) \Y r om spira, 
a pillar; so named from its spiral stalk.] 
Stem more or less woody, 
salicifo'lia, (meadow-sweet, willow hard- 
hack, r. w. J. ^.) leaves lance-ovate or obo 
vate, serrate, glabrous; flowers in panicled, 
spreading racemes. Ya.r.al"ba, has wliite 
petals, and often the twigs are reddish. 
The small branches are generally killed by 
frost in the winter, as also of the next spe- 
cies. 2-4 f 
lomento'sa, (steeple-bu.sh, purple hard- 
hack, meadow-sweet, r. Ju. ^.) leaves Ian 
ceolate, unequally .serrate, downy beneath, 
racemes in a crowded, sub panicled spike 
2-3 f 
hypericifo'lia, (John's wort, hard-hack w 
M. ^.) leaves obovate, entire or toothed 
at the apex; umbels sessile. Cultivated. 
3f 
opulifo'lia, (nine-bark, enov.' ball, har-i. 
