Pruning should be done in the early spring before tile plants commence to grow, and tlie desired shape of the plants shimkl be kept on- 
stantly in mind while thev are beinjj: pruned. 
Hybrid Perpetuals grown in beds or masses need only to have their branches shortened into the highest strong bud, unless the branches 
are so long as to hang over, when they should be trimmed more closely, and any shoots which destroy the even balance of the plants should 
be cut out. Teas and other E\'erbloomers, grown in the same manner, may be pruned quite severely, removing entirely any weak branches, 
and trimming back well the stronger ones. 
With isolated specimens, it is an excellent plan to .select a leading shoot near the center of each, and leave it untouched, while all the 
other branches are pruned to within three or tour eyes of the ba.se. Such plants form striking objects when in full bloom. 
Rose hedges should be pruned to a uniform level, each spring, and that, the height that the hedge is desired to be. 
Summer Cultivation. 
During the summer the beds should be kept free from weeds and the soil frequently and thoroughly stirred with a hoe. In hot, dry 
weather the plants should be watered occasionally, especially during the first .summer after they are planted. Watering should be done in 
the morning or evening, and never during the heat of the day ; do not water the Roses often, but when it is done the ground should be thor- 
otighly soaked. The best way is to give a good soaking in the evening and repeat the operation in the morning ; this will suffice for some 
time, even during very hot weather. If convenient the beds may be treated to a mulch of one or two inches of ^ine rotted manure ; this pre- 
vents the ground from baking and keeps the roots of the plants cool and moist. 
Winter Protection. 
Evergreen branches or young Evergreens sharpened at the end and stuck rtrmly in the ;rround around the plants, afford excellent slu iti r 
and arc very little trouble. i»s with all kinds of protection these should be removed early in the spring. 
Clean rye straw may be neatly stacked around each plant leaving a slight opening at tlie top to prevent mildew, and tying the straw to 
keep it in position ; this need not be done until December, as the Roses are not injured as much by moderate freezing as they are by being 
covered too early. 
For young plants we find, however, that by far the surest and simplest plan is to cover the plants with coarse coal ashes ; these should 
be entirely free from wood ashes, which cause the bark to shrivel, and are very injurious. Cinders from railroad locomotives are splendid 
for this purpose, and we would advise their use whenever they can be obtained. Before 'covering, the plant should be cut back about one- 
third, removing all young succulent shoots ; then bend the plant down to the ground, pegging it down to keep it in place, and to cover to the 
depth of about a foot with the a.shes or cinders. Early in the spring most of the covering should be removed, and by the middle of April 
or sooner, it should be all raked off. This method is not confined to Roses only, but Dahlias, Gladoli, Tritoraas and even Fuchsias can often 
be preserved in the same way. We learn fr<mi English periodicals that whole hedges of Fuchsias'are there annually protected in this manner 
and come up and bloom each season with surprising vigor and freedom. We have known them to be wintered safely in this country when 
covered with ashes, but wc cannot speak from experience in regard to them as we can of Roses. 
t insects. 
In respect of the principal insect enemies of the Rose, a golden rule may be offered for the comfort of the anxious amateur, " ignore lliem.- 
Do full justice to the trees in respect to the .soil— planting, watering, etc., and you will be but rarely troubled by these plagues, tor they seek 
out first the starving Roses ; they want the trees that have been badly used ; they swarm to the garden of the sluggard, where the thorn and 
the thistle grow broader and higher, and generally speaking are to be regarded as proofs that the trees are not thriving, and need amendment 
at the root. 
Perhaps the only important exceptions to the above are the rose slug and the rose biif;. The former is a green, soft, slug-like animal, about 
one-quarter of an inch long. They are usually most troublesome in June, frequently re-appearing in August. They feed upon the up|)cr 
surface of the leaf, leaving the skeleton to mark the devastation wrought. The best remedy is probably white Hellebore powder mixed in 
water and sprinkled on them. For the rose bug hand-picking is the only effectual remedy. If the aphis or green fly attacks the roses, an 
application of tobacco water will usually make an end of them, or finely powdered tobacco may be sprinkled upon them from an old pepper 
box. 
MILDEW.— This disease is generally caused by extremes of heat and cold, and by a long continuance of damp, cloudy weather. The 
best remedies arc sulphur and soot ; one of these should be applied the moment the disease makes its appearance. It is a good plan in this 
case, to previously sprinkle the plants with water, so that the substance applied will adhere. 
"Roses in Pots. 
The Tea, Bourbon and China Roses should be selected for growing in pots m the house, for here a succession of bloom is iisually 
required. Few persons grow roses in pots, except for the purpose of having them bloom in winter ; therefore our remarks will be chiefiy 
directed to this end. The soil should be composed of two-thirds light, mellow loam and one-third -.veil decomposed manure. It is well to place 
a few pieces of broken crock or some coarse-gravel in the bottom of the pot to secure good drainage. When potted, press the soil down 
firmly, leaving a space at the top of the pot to receive the water. Water thoroughly and frequently during warm, summer weather, but m 
fall and winter be careful not to allow the soil to become sour on account of too much moisture. Pinch off all buds as soon as they appear 
during summer, that the plant may gain .strength for its winter flowering. When winter arrives, allow all buds to remain, and give all the 
sunlight possible. The plants should be kept at a temperature as near 60 degrees Fahrenheit as possible; spcmge or sprinkle the toliai;* 
frequently to prevent Red spider : in short, use every effort to keep the plants growing, as this is the secret of getting them to bloom. 
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