80 
L. L.MAYA CO., ST. PAUL, MINS. 
BROMUS INERMIS The Woiulerfal Russian Forage 
Outyieldins: Alfalfa. The nutritious Qualities surpassing: Timothy. One sowinc will stand lor years. 
Succeeds on poor soils, and yieldingr from four to five tons per acre. For the 
arid regions this grass has no equal. 
DESOBIPTION-It origin- 
ated in Russia, and is recom- 
Tnended on accountof the man- 
ner ia which it baa stood on 
the Hunftary plains, where the 
dry, sterile nature of the coun- 
try and the long continued 
dron^hts malce so many plants 
•acGnmb. This Bromtis. how- 
ever, s:and9 well, and has been 
'■'^(ny^iiiSI^^-'^'^}''^^^^^ known forthirty yearsto stand 
« 4 ^ (jJ'-jSlli?vSt&^W-^^!^^ w \ ' when snch roljust crops as AU- 
^ ^ ' /f ^i'V^imNm'^^SiT \ alfa have been destroyed. It 
Rives a luxuriant crop, particu- 
larly on fresh sandy loam soil, 
and where the climate is warm. 
It is found that animals eat it 
greedily, whether in the green 
or the dry state, so that it can 
be mown or saved for winter 
use. The seed is sown in the 
early spring. It ia also useful 
in filling up gaps where alfalfa 
orclovercrops have failed. It 
will stand tinder favorable con- 
ditions for twelve years, and 
give as much food Inbnemonth 
as alfalfa gives in three months. 
CXJXTI V ATIOIT-This grass 
is better sown alone, at least it 
■hould not be sown with grain 
crops. The grain takes too 
much moisture from the young 
grass plants. 
It Is also desirable to *oW 
the seed on soil that does not 
blow. Summer fallow would 
be the beat preparatioti, but on 
account of its liability to drift 
it is not safe in manv parts ©f 
the extreme Northwest to use 
this kind of land. Stubble land, 
, . ., , ... plowed four or five inches deep 
in April or May, and well harrowed after the seed is sown, is found 
aS dri?ting ' ^ **** stubble harrowed on top prevents 
Fifteen to eighteen pounds of seed Is required to an acre. More 
•eed will give a better crop the first year, hut less afterwards, as the 
roots thicken up each year, «u>d In three or four years makes better 
posture for bay. 
T?* ^'''"K "Ki*. long and thin, seeding by hand is the only 
,^ ""'i^°'i\J^? seed properiy, « calm day should be chosen, 
•o that all parts ot the land may be evenly sown 
While the plants are young the weeds make headwav, and it is 
necessary at least to keep them from going to seed. Theauickest 
way to accompli.xh this is to go over the field with a mower, cuttinir 
Just above the grass plants. If the operation has to be repeated it 
wUl be necessary to cut the tops of the grass, but this will not iniure 
- kJJI"" r'l!, "^i J'i'' advantage in the way of giving the roots 
a better hold. The first crop of hav can be cut the next year after 
•ceding, and will, in ordinary years, be reariv in Tulv. Bight or ten 
days after being ready tx> cut for hay it will be readv to cut for seed 
If so desired. Cot in first bloom for hay, and ten days from thto time 
It is considered in proper state to cut lor seed. 
J-.-i'^'i"^ '2?"?'""=" have been received in regard to growing Bromus 
on lands which are flooded part of the year. Following wc give the 
expcnei^ of 9. A. Bedford, Esq.. in charge of the Bxperimeital Sta- 
Uon ut Brandon, N. W. T., Canada : 
A small area on the uplands of the Experimental Farm, about an 
«cre, is flooded from two to four feet deep each year the water re 
?5.aS"I.^S" .This was broken up during the summer of 
1896, and sown to Bromis without grain. Good stand was obtain ed 
S ♦JJ-^'k*^"/*''"'"* "'{P °J ^'■^5' gathered. This experiment should 
be tried by farmers who have depressi.ms on their land known as pot 
Boles, which nre numerous in some parts of the province 
1" """^ * binder is used, and the grass is cut. tied and 
fS^^M) °ther grain. In a week or ten days 
JPter cutting it IS ready to thresh or store away, as deemed best. For 
hresliiug small quantities the old fashioned flail is suitable, but for 
large lots a threshing machine should be used on which the wind has 
been closed ofl^ as much as practicable. 
From three to six hundred pounds of seed may be expected ft-om 
AO acre. 
THE FSEDINQ VALTTB OF BBOITUS INEBHIS. 
The following analysis was made by the Di/ision of Chemistry 
from Bromus Inermis and Timothy grown at the Experimental St/- 
frSm ?hdr"r;^."T''' ^ • C""*""- " W^" '-"Py and publish 
TIMOTHY AND BSOMB GRASS HAYS. 
Attention was directed to the composition and feedinK value of 
Brotne Grass in the report of the Division of Chemistry for 1897 The 
analysis of Brome Hay, the results of which are there stated. Veti 
wade on samples grown on the Bxperimental P«rm.In«Han Heid N 
^^y-. ^^^^ showed that this hay possessed nutritious auaUtii-'s o( 
a high degree. 
Pnring the fiast year we have made a comparative study of the hay« 
of Timothy and Brome Grass as grown on the Centrwl Farm. Ottawa 
during the season of 1897. Both grasses were cut when considered In 
the best condition. The samples were taken in February from the barn 
The analytical data are presented in the following table: 
COUPOSITION OP THE HATS OP TJMOTBr AND BROMB OKASS, OSOWN OS 
CBNTBAL BXPBRIUBNTAI. PAKU; OTTAWA, 1H97. 
Hav 
Moist- 
ure 
Album- 
inoids 
Fat 
(Ether 
Extracts 
Carbo- 
h} drates 
Fibre 
Ash 
Brome Grass Hay.. 
9.72 
10.76 
S.94 
6.61 
S.38 
4.S1 
' 43.85 
41.01 
81.30 
31.86 
4.41 
5.!i6 
Tlw nitrogenous compounds, grouped under the term albtuninolrlii, 
are the most important from a feeding standpoint, and in this regard 
the Brome Grass is seen to be somewhat the better of the two. StatciJ 
in pounds per too, we have the following figures ; 
Albnminoldsi. 
Itbs. per ton. 
Timothy xiS 8 
Brome Grass Hay 132.8 
By calculating our data to a water ft« bails we may make a elos^i• 
comparison of the composition of the real cattle food in the two hays • 
COHPOtlTION op TBB "OBlT MATTBB," TIMOTHY ANO BBOITS OKASS HAVa 
Hat 
Album- 
inoids 
Pat 
(Ether 
Extract) 
Carbo- 
hydrate* 
Fibre 
Ash 
6.88 
7.40 
8.96 
6.0S 
47.90 
45.98 
84.67 
3S.69 
4.89 
6.9- 
Renewal and Eradication of Bromus Inermis, by Angus Mackay, iu 
charge of the Bxperimental Station at Indian Head, N. W. T., Canada: 
l-ast fall, just before winter set in, one-half acre Qf Brome sod wa. 
plowed four inches deep, in aa narrow furrows as possible. Pourcrop^ 
of hay had i)een cut from the plot, and the roots had become very thick 
On the 6th of May, 1898, Prince Albert peas were sown, harrowed 
in and rolled. Shortly after the* peas were sown the grass commenctn 
to grow very thick, and from that time it was a race between Bronir 
grass and peas, with the result that peas were one-third cropand Broror 
grass a good catch. The peas and grass were cut bv mower and thi 
land left to see what results can be obtained in renewing BrOAte son 
without re-seeding. Three-quarters of a ton of pea» aM BrotAe ha; 
was cut from the one-half acre. 
On the 14th. 15th, 16th and 19th April last seven aores of Brotee sod 
was plowed two inches deep. By the tirtie the sod Was rotted suflS- 
cicntly to back-set. quite a heavv growth of grass wftfl covering th<f lalid 
On 16th, 17th. 18th and 30th June all but one-half acre of this land wa!< 
back-set four Inches deep. Brome rents continued to grow after the 
back-setting, and the land was again plowed before winter set In, The 
one hnlf acre not back-set had, when the remainder of the plot was 
olowed the second time, a good catch of grass, which promises a crop of 
hay next year. 
Last spring, after seeding was finished, an old piece of Brome sod 
was gone over four times with iron harrows to determine whether of 
not it could Ik renewed without plowing. The result clearly demon 
stratrd the impracticability of this method. 
As stated in the report of last year, several acres of Brome soi) wa> 
plowed on 18th, 19th and 20th May, 1897, and sown to peas at the 
time of back-set later on. That portion sown with peas was plowed 
last fall, and, together with part of the back-setting, was sown with red 
Fife wheat this spring. The bal-mce of the back-setting was used for 
potatoes, corn, peas and roots. The wheat averaged 20 bushels per 
acre, and the potatoes, peas, com and roots yielded one-third less tnac 
the same varieties sown on fallowed and manured land. ^ 
This grass, we firmly believe, is the greatest boon, especially to our 
west and northwest states, ever introduced. We have labored for ten 
years in the introduction of this famous grass, and we are pleased to 
state our efforts have been successful, as will be seen by a fe w of the 
many hundreds of testimonials we have, and it is doubtfiil If the supply 
of seed this yi-ar is going to equal the demand, so great has been the can 
already from Montana, Washington and North Dakota, where hay crops 
ore the one essential among the stockmen. 
In former years wc have only oflferetl the onegrade of seed — tl<« t>est. 
I.ast season some others offered the seed at a lower price, giving an in- 
ferior quality. This year we have decided to offer two grades. We, 
however, advise our patrons, for the difference, to obtain the bestgrade. 
We also ask our patrons to beware of adulterations— that is, the mixing 
of other cheap varieties of grasses with Bromus. such as was practlsea 
by some seedsmen last year. Cheap Bromus means poor, adulterated 
seed. ■ 
Frloe— G-rade A, lb. 80o, 8 Iba, 85e. nrepald by « 
hreight : 18 tba., enough for 1 acre, 83. 60, 100 lbs. SIS. 
, Orade B, lb. 26o, » lb». 70o. 18 Iba.. euoa«h for I 
tOOlba. iia. 
sxpresaor 
