NAT. ORDER. DUMOS^. 
117 
difficulty of transplanting it when grown to a moderate size. But 
when it once takes well, the hedge may be rendered so close and 
thick, as to keep out all sorts of animals. 
The common Holly, being a very beautiful tree in winter, de- 
serves a place in all plantations of evergreen trees and shrubs, 
where its shining leaves and scarlet berries make a fine variety ; 
and if a few of the best variegated sorts are pi'operly intermixed, 
they will enliven the scene. The wood of this valuable tree is 
the whitest of all hard woods, and is used by the inlayer, espe- 
cially under thin plates of ivory. The mill-wright, turner and 
engraver, prefer it to any other. It makes the very best of han- 
dles and stocks for tools, and surgical instruments. We are in- 
formed, also, that it is extensively used in the manufacturing of 
the finer kinds of cabinet furniture, as it takes a very beautiful 
polish. Sheep and deer are fed during the winter with the crop- 
pings ; birds eat the berries ; the bark, fermented, and afterwards 
washed from the woody fibres, makes a very good bird lime. 
From forty to fifty varieties, depending on the variegations 
of the leaves or thorns, and the color of the berries, all derived 
from this one species, are raised by the nursery-gardeners, for sale, 
and formerly were in great esteem, but are now less regarded, 
since the old taste of filling gardens with short evergreens has 
been laid aside ; a few, however, of the most lively varieties 
should be admitted, as they will have a good effect in the winter 
season, if they are properly disposed. Of those varieties, the 
Ilex ferox, or Hedge-hog Holly, is the most remarkable. Its leaves 
are not so long as the common Holly, the edges armed with 
stronger thorns, standing closer together ; the upper surface set 
very close with short prickles. This is a native of Canada. 
Ilex apaca, or Carolina Holly, is a native of Carolina, and 
flowers in May and June.. The Ilex perada, or Thick-leaved, 
Smooth Holly, is a native of Madeira : it flowers in April and 
May Ilex primoides, or deciduous Holly, is a nati\ e of North 
