NAT. ORDER. POMACEiE. 
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Propagation. The Pear may be propagated by layers or 
suckers, bat easily by cuttings. These modes, however, are produc- 
tive of very indifferent plants, and are justly rejected in favor of 
raising from seed, and grafting or budding. 
From seed. This mode is adopted either for the purpose of ob- 
taining new varieties, or for producing Pear-stocks ; in the former 
case the same principles of selection or crossing are to be followed 
as in raising seedling apples, between which and the Pear-tree the 
chief difference is, that the latter requires a longer period, nearly 
double, to come into bearing. 
In raising Pears for stocks, — The seeds from perry-makers are 
generally made use of, but the most proper are those from the wild 
Pe ;rs, as likely to produce plants more hardy and durable. There 
is, however, less difference between the Pear stocks, or those raised 
from the cultivated fruit and wild Pear, than there is between the 
free apple and crab-stocks. The seeds being procured, may be sown 
and afterwards treated as directed for seedling crab or apple-tree 
stocks. 
By grafting and budding. The most common stocks on which 
the Pear is grafted, are the common Pear and the wild Pear: the 
Pear is, however, dwarfed and brought earlier into a bearing state 
by grafting or budding on the quince or white-thorn. The Pear will 
also succeed well on the white-beam, medlar, service or apple ; but 
stocks of the wild Pear or quince are in most general use. Pears, 
on free stocks, grow most luxuriantly in good soil and on a dry bot- 
tom ; those on wild Pear stocks grow less rapidly, but are deemed 
more durable, and will thrive on the poorest soil, if a hardy variety, 
and not over pruned. " On the quince," Miller observes, " breaking 
Pears are rendered gritty and stony ; but the melting sorts are much 
improved ; trees on these stocks may be planted in a moist soil with 
more success than those on the wild Pear stocks or thorns." On 
the thorn, Pears come very early into bearing, continue prolific, and 
in respect to soil will thrive well on a strong clay, which is unsuit- 
