184 
FIRST BOOK. 
The grinding teeth are large and flat, for crushing the grass. Its 
stomach is not a single bag, but has four chambers. 
Habits.— The cow is slow in its movements. It needs quiet 
rest, that it may " chew the cud 
The food is first passed into the paunch, or first part of the stomach. From 
this it passes slowly to the second part, where it is made into small pellets or cuds. 
When the animal is at rest it forces these pellets up into its mouth, one by one, to 
chew them well. Afterwards they are swallowed into the third part of the stomach, 
from which they pass on to the fourth. 
Uses. — For drawing loads; for their milk; and for their flesh 
(beef). Their dead bodies also supply us with materials from which 
leather, knife-handles, glue, candles, &c., are made. 
MILK AND BUTTEE (p. 25). 
Milk is full of little bags of fat. When left at rest the fat-bags 
float to the top and form cream. From this butter is made. 
Butter. — The little bags of fat are burst by churning, and the 
fat is set free to form butter. The part of the milk that remains is 
called hutter-milk. Milk will turn bad if put into a vessel that is 
not quite clean. When it is soured, curds are formed in it, and 
from these in most countries cheese is made. 
THE MANATEE (p. 28). 
Description. — The manatee feeds its young on milk as the 
cat and the cow do. Although it lives in the sea it breathes by 
luyigs. It has a tough, hard, uneven skin, and very small eyes. The 
fore limbs take the form of flippers, or swimming paddles; these are 
litted with nails, by which the creature drags itself along. 
Habits. — The manatee comes to the surface of the water to 
breathe. It feeds on water- weeds, which it tears up with tlie hard 
bristly pads in the front of its mouth. 
THE DUCK (p. 30). 
Description.— The duck has ivehhed feet, and is a water bird. 
On land it waddles along, because its legs are so far back. Its 
feathers are dressed with an oil, so that they do not become soaked 
with water. Short, soft feathers, called down, grow close to its body 
for warmth. Down is thickest on its breast. 
Habits.— The duck feeds on slugs, worms, insects, and water- 
