192 
FIRST BOOK. 
FLO WEES.— II. (p. 96). 
Corolla.. — The corolla is formed by the petals. The sepals and 
petals cover and protect the inner parts of the flower. They also 
attract insects by their bright colours or sweet scents. After a 
while the petals drop off, but the sepals often remain even when the 
fruit is full grown. 
FLOWEKS.-^III. (p. 98). 
Stamens. — The stamens are near the centre of the flower. 
Each stamen bears an anther, which is a small case, holding pollen. 
The pollen is carried from flower to flower by bees and other insects, 
and by humming-birds. 
Pistil--- When sepals^ petals, and stamens have been removed, 
there remains, just in the middle of the flower, the pistil. This 
holds, at its lower part, the beginnings of the seeds. 
FEUITS (p. 101). 
The fruit is the seed and its covering. 
Fruits are known by difl'erent names according to the different 
ways in which the seed is covered and protected. 
The chief kinds of fruits are : — 
1. Berries — with seeds loose in the pulp, as in the orange, 
grape, and gourd. 
2. Drupes ("stone-fruits") — with a juicy pulp around the 
" stone " or woody case which holds the seed, as in the mango. 
3. Nuts — dry fruits that do not burst open to let out the seed, 
as the cocoa-nut and cashew-nut. 
4. Pods and Capsules — dry fruits that open, when ripe, to 
let out the seeds ; as in the tamarind (a pod), and the poppy and 
cinchona {capsules). Capsules differ in shape. 
5. Compound. — Fruits are called compound when many little 
fruits are massed together, as in the pine-apple. 
SEEDS (p. 105). 
A Seed holds — (1) the beginning of a plant; and (2) a store of 
food for the young plant. In some seeds the food is stored in the 
seed-leaf ; in others it is placed around the young plant. 
