SUMMARY 
195 
COCOA (p. 124). 
The Tree.— Cocoa- trees grow well in sheltered spots, where 
the soil is deep. Bananas are used as shade plants for the young 
trees. Large seed-pods grow on short stalks from the stems and 
branches of the cocoa-tree. When ripe the pod is cut off ; it should 
not be pulled or twisted. The pods are gathered twice a year, at 
Easter and at Christmas, though the trees bear, more or less, all the 
year round. 
The Bea,ns. — Within the pod are several beans, packed in 
rows in the pulp. These have to be heaped in a close room for a 
few days to siveat them, so that the pulp can be cleansed away. 
They are then well dried. Afterwards they are either broken into 
nihs^ or prepared in other ways for use in making cocoa, or chocolate. 
THE OKANGE.— I. (p. 126). 
The Fruit is a large berry, with rind, pulp, and seeds. 
The rind is oily, and strongly scented. The cells of the pulp are 
large, and easily seen. The seed has a tough, leathery skin, and 
two " seed-leaves". The fruit must be cut from the tree, — not 
pulled. It is then sorted into sizes, wrapped in paper, and packed 
in boxes. The least bruise will cause the fruit to rot. 
THE ORANGE.— II. (p. 129). 
The Tree.— The orange- tree belongs to the same family as 
the lime, citron, shaddock, and lemon. It thrives well in the West 
Indies, and has long roots, which give it a firm hold in the soil. If 
overhung by other trees, its stems grow weakly, and its fruit is 
small and sour. In the West Indies trees are usually raised from 
seed ; but it is a good plan to bud or graft sour orange-trees. The 
scale insect is its chief pest. 
THE BANANA (p. 130). 
The Ba.na,na,, with its large spreading leaves and tall stem, is 
often used as a shade plant. It has an underground stem, which 
sends up many leaf-shoots. All but three or four of these should 
be cut away. The sheathing ends of the large leaves build up the 
stems of the green shoots. The plant grows fast, and becomes very 
handsome. Its bunch of flowers is protected by a sheath, which 
