SUMMARY. 
201 
Ca,ssa.reep is made by boiling the juice of the bitter cassava 
root. The boiling drives off the poison, and causes the juice to 
thicken. 
ANNATTO (p. 171). 
The Pla.nt. — The annatto is a shrub with bunches of heart- 
shaped leaves and pinkish flowers. Horses and cattle will not eat 
the leaves. The seeds grow in prickly husks, and have a waxy 
covering, which gives a good dye. 
The Dye. — After the husks are gathered, the seeds are cleared 
out of them and well dried, that they may not turn mouldy 
when packed. The waxy part is cleared from the seeds by soaking 
them in water. Then the seeds are strained away, and the pulp 
settles to the bottom. When the water has been poured off, the 
pulp is dried, pressed, and made into "rolls" or "cakes" for shipment. 
The dye gives many shades of red and yellow. It is used for 
colouring butter, cheese, soap, &c. ; and for dyeing silk, wool, &c. 
LOGWOOD.— I. (p. 174). 
The Tree. — This has compound leaves with eight or ten 
eaflets, small yellow flowers, and small seed-pods. The seeds are 
"winged", and are easily carried by the wind. Logwood, well 
pruned, makes a good hedge. The moist coast-lands of Jamaica 
suit it well. 
The Dye. — This is drawn out of the wood by soaking it. 
The dye gives many shades of blue; and, by adding other things to 
it, different colours may be made. 
LOGWOOD.— II. (p. 176). 
The Wood. — The hay^k is dark and rough. The sap-wood is 
whitish, arid the heart-wood red. The roots and the heart-wood 
are shipped away, and from them dyes are prepared. The wood 
is heavy, and is handsome when polished. 
History. — It is nearly two hundred years since the logwood was 
introduced into Jamaica from Honduras. The tree takes root easily, 
grows quickly, and is ready for felling when it is from ten to twenty 
years old. 
SOME FAMOUS TEEES (p. 178). 
1. Cedar.— The leaves are compound, having leaflets in pairs 
along the leaf-stalk. The wood is very useful, being light, strong, 
