June 4, 1904.] 
FOREST AND STREAM, 
463 
Distfifautba of Silmon and Grayling. 
A number of reports have been current within the 
last year or two, to the effect that salmon have been 
taken in the nets of commercial fishermen in the waters 
of the Upper St. Lawrence. There is, of course, no 
reason why this should not be- so, seeing that in for- 
mer years "this fish ascended in large numbers as far as 
Lake Ontario, to spawn in some of its tributary 
v/aters; but unfortunately none of the supposed speci- 
mens of salmon so caught were seen by or forwarded 
to people familiar with Salmo salar. Blunders may 
have been made by those responsible for the reports, 
in consequence of the great confusion arising from 
the local misapplication of the vernacular names of 
hshes. To this cause may perhaps be attributed the 
stories of the recent discovery of the grayling in cer- 
tain waters in northern Ontario. At all events, they 
have not yet been verified, and 'Sir John Richardson, 
in "Fauna Boreali Americana," states that it abounds 
in the rocky streams that flow through the_ primitive 
country lying north of the 62A parallel of latitude, and 
does not "record that he found it further south. Fur- 
ther west, however, it certainly is found very much 
further south. 
Returning Fish to the Water. 
It is often urged by fishermen who insist upon keep- 
ing all the fish they catch, that many varieties, and 
particularly the black bass, will not survive being 
caught by hook and line and returned to water. This 
contention is satisfactorily disposed of by Mr. Bas- 
tedo. Deputy Fish Commissioner of Ontario, who 
shows that the bass is a very hardy fish, and that in 
99 cases out of 100 will live, if returned to the water 
immediately after having been taken on a fly. In 
proof of this, he recalls the fact that the first bass 
deposited by the Province "some years ago, were 
caught by hook and line, and with but little mortality 
as a result. Last year, too, one of the State Commis- 
sions purchased 500 bass, all caught by angling, and 
not a single fish, it is said, died. The danger is in 
the handling of the fish when it is taken from the 
hook, or when severely wounded in the throat or 
gills. The Ontario authorities are face to face with 
the necessity of taking some action to preserve many 
of their fishing waters from depletion. The increase 
of visiting anglers has been so great during the last 
few years that a marked decrease in the fish supply 
is noticeable, and though the planting of bass is being 
carried on upon a limited scale, it is feared that, unless 
anglers agree to return to the water such fish as are 
undersized or unrequired for consumption, it may be 
deemed necessary to close certain waters to the pub- 
lic for a time. 
Change in the Salmon Law. 
Vv^hile no change is to be made this year by the 
Legislature of Quebec in the fishery laws, the Federal 
Government has just made a new regulation concern- 
ing salmon fishing, which affects the rivers of the 
Frovince. By the new provision it is lawful to fish 
with rod and line for salmon until Aug. 31, in the 
rivers of the north shore east of the Natashquan. In 
a! I the other salmon waters of the Province the fly- 
fishing closes, as before, on Aug. 15. The change has 
Icen made in the case of the far eastern rivers of 
the north shore because of the general lateness of the 
season there. It is gratifying to note that no netting 
ot salmon is to be allowed after Aug. i. 
E. T. D. Chambers. 
About the Carp. 
CosPERViLLE, Ind. — Editor Forest and Stream: What 
Can we do immediately to stop the rapidly approaching 
total destruction of our small and game fish of the lake^ 
in Indiana caused by the greatly, increasing number of 
carp and dogfish? 
About twelve or fifteen years ago the private fish-pond 
idea swept over us, and unfortunately the Government 
advised the stocking of these ponds with German carp, 
and even furnished "the fish to do it. At first the people 
were pleased with the fish, and a large carp was con- 
sidered a prize. As time rolled on, the people seemed to 
lose their great appetite for carp, until at present they 
rank but little, if any, above the dogfish. When the truth 
was learned, people opened the floodgates of their ponds 
and grained them either into the main waters or into 
tributaries leading thereto. The result of these careless, 
unthoughtful acts was to completely stock our lakes with 
carp. I personally know of seven such cases in my own 
vicinity. 
I venture to declare that at present there are more 
pounds of carp in our lakes than all other fish combined. 
I have grown up by the side of our lakes, and have ob- 
served with regret the change that is surely and rapidly 
being wrought by this worthless destroyer. In some of 
our lakes carp beds exist which are many square rods in 
extent, and poor luck, indeed, awaits the fisherman who 
drops anchor here. All the people are talking about the 
matter, and all foresee the end, but none are active. 
Our waters furnish fair bass fishing in sections, but 
bass absolutely will not stay where carp have taken pos- 
session, therefore they have naturally crowded together 
in these sections and furnish fair fishing ; but on the 
v/hole the bass are certainly decreasing in number. 
As carp will seldom take a bait, all fish that are caught 
are small and game fish, thus leaving the carp to increase 
indefinitely. They are even protected by law, as they 
cannot be successfully taken except by spear or net, and 
the use of these is strictly forbidden. In the last season 
less than one dozen carp were taken from our waters by 
bait and hook. 
I understood a year ago that the authorities were con- 
sidering seining our lakes, but nothing was done. I 
learn through Forest and Stream that considerable sein- 
ing was done hi Illinois last year, to good advantage. 
Of course honest men, who have the true interest 
at heart, should do the work, else fine specimens of game 
fish which are caught in the seines may never find their 
way back to the water. I am not posted on our laws as to 
seining in such cases, but where there is a wall there is 
a way. I see an account where in one of our Western 
States the fish commissioner simply took the matter into 
his own hands and licensed individuals to use the spear, 
and also hired men to use the seine, and by so doing it 
was said of him that "the right man had been found for 
fish commissioner." 
Turn the spear "loose on the carp and dogfish, and, for 
that matter, on the sucker also, as the almost total ex- 
termination of the noble pike is laid at the door of the 
bony sucker. Of course, occassionally a game fish may 
suffer by being mistaken for a carp, but this should not 
occur often, and in case it does occur, they shotild be 
thrown back, even though they are sure to die. This will 
take away all incentive toward making such mistakes 
"accidentaUy-a-purpose." But we had better sacrifice a 
few mature fish to get rid of the spawn destroyer. 
Further, employ men to seine the lakes and allow them to 
market the carp, if they can find a market for them. If 
there is no fund to carry on the work, a small appropria- 
tion should be made, but at least do not protect the carp 
by law. An overseer should be appointed to look after 
the spearing. 
I should like to engage in correspondence with you re- 
garding this matter, as I am aware of the great necessity 
of taking active steps in this matter, and I sincerely hope 
that some arrangements will be made soon to do some- 
thing about it. I am willing and anxious to assist in any 
way possible, and would even be willing to go out and 
help with the work myself. 
John W. Zimmerman. 
Erie Fjish Hatchefy. 
The largest fish hatchery in the State, and, to gauge 
by results, one of the best in any State, is the '5ne 
located here in Erie. Its total output for this year 
will be at least one hundred millions, a good part of 
which goes into Lake Erie. They are needed there, 
as the spring fishing by seiners is the worst for a 
number of years; in fact, most of the commercial fish- 
ermen have pulled up their nets and quit for a month 
or two. 
The superintendent of this hatchery of ours, Mr. A. 
G. Buller, has been kept very busy all spring, but is 
nearly through now^ It must be said to his credit, 
though, that he is never too busy to answer all the 
questions he is asked. In that respect, he differs from 
some of our officials. Lie is winding up the season 
now with yellow pike, "wall-eye," we call them, about 
half a million of them will go into the Allegheny 
River, where they will find themselves at home. Lake 
Erie will get the most of. them, though, and Conneaut 
Lake gets some. Yellow perch is another fish he is 
hatching out in large numbers, several millions. He 
has hatched out a lot of blue pike, but hopes to get 
more of them yet. 
A smaller hatchery down at Corry, Erie county, 
takes care of the trout fry. Buller has none of these. 
Superintendent Buller advances the idea that the 
cisco of the lake here is a cross between the herring 
and whitefish. There may be something in that; the 
cisco looks as if it was. How is it? 
In addition to all the fish that he has hatched out, 
he has ten millions of frogs in process of hatching. 
Frogs are protected in this State now. It is time that 
they were. They are getting to be very scarce here. 
Cabia Blanco. 
[There are a variety of ciscos (Coregonus), but the 
true whitefish occurs with you.] 
— <^ — 
Rabies* 
From Hill's "The Dog, Its Management and Diseases." 
(Continued from page 442.) 
The voice at this time becomes strangely altered. It is 
hardly possible to describe it, though when once heard 
it can never be forgotten. It is a kind of blending be- 
tween a bark and a howl, having a croupy sound, and 
most frequently is heard at night. 
A thoroughly savage and morose disposition becomes 
at this period firmly^^established. Any article presented 
v/ill be seized and ferociously mangled. The poor crea- 
ture, in its paroxysms, is regardless of pain ; the lips are 
v/ounded, and even the teeth broken, in its frantic efforts 
to avenge some. imagined injury or offense.^ 
During and immediately after the paroxysm, the 
breathing is short and painful, and the animal looks an 
exhausted object, as if suffering frotn the effects of a 
hard-fought sanguinary battle. 
As the malady proceeds toward its last stage, the head 
frequently becomes swollen, particularly about the eyes, 
which assume a brilliant lustrous appearance, and_ the 
conjunctival membrane is deeply injected. An anxious, 
haggard countenance is present throughout. 
The animal may gradually sink into a state of stupor, 
or die in a paroxysm of rage. Paralysis is sometimes 
associated with the disease from its commencement, and 
is rarely absent toward its termination. Emaciation is 
rapid under all circumstances. 
One marked symptom in rabies,- as opposed to all other 
nervous affections, is the magical influence of voices the 
animal is accustomed to. Even in moments of frenzy the 
call of one the poor sufferer knows is instantly recog- 
nized, and for a brief period produces an appearance of 
sanity. 
It has been stated by a professed authority — Grantley 
F. Berkeley— that "Dogs become utterly insane through 
distemper, and are for a time mad to all intents and pur- 
poses." "If you prevent distemper in dogs 'by vaccina- 
tion' ( ?) well performed, you decrease the madness in 
dogs, which in numberless cases arises from the effects 
of the 'common distemper,' but which is often vulgarly 
termed "hydrophobia.' "° (I presume rabies canina is 
meant.) 
= These fits of fury are not always attendant on rabies, if the 
animal tje left to itself; but nervous excitability appears to be 
predominant more or less throughout the disease. 
« From letter in the' Morning Post, dated Sept. 11, 1887. 
Any such marked insanity in distemper it has never yet 
been the lot of the author to observe, nor, as far as he 
can gather, has it been noted by any other veterinarian. 
Rabies and distemper are, in fact, as widely different in 
character and pathology as it is possible for two canine 
maladies to be. Those nervous symptoms which are fre- 
quently present in the subacute stages of distemper do 
not bear the slightest analogy to "rabid insanity," and 
only those inexperienced in the latter disease could mis- 
take them. 
An unusual affection has been described as another 
symptom, and whether the unfortunate creature being 
aware of its hopeless condition a:ccounts for it, is only 
surmise. Certain it is such a manifestation is — especially 
in the earlier stages — very frequent. 
Another symptom worthy of note and exceedingly 
characteristic, is the appetite. This invariably assumes 
a morbid character. Portions of wood, stones, earth, 
hair, excrement, and other filth are devoured, while the 
ordinary meal remains untouched.' 
The vomiting of blood in the early stage of the malady, 
described by some authors, is not by any means an in- 
variable symptom of rabies. The sanguinary tinge of the 
vomit more frequently proceeds fropi wounds of the 
tongue or mouth than from any morbid condition of the 
stomach. 
Lastl}', when a dog unconfined becomes rabid, there is 
much that is characteristic in his mode of traveling. 
His gait may be termed as rambling, or jog-trot, The 
head is carried low, the tongue protrudes from the side 
of the mouth, or hangs pendent in front, swollen and 
covered with dirt. It is rare he turns from his path to 
attack anything (unless it be an animal of the same 
species, to which they invariably show the greatest ani- 
inosity), but woe betide anyone who attempts to stay 
his onward course. This pace is continued with little 
intermission until exhaustion overtakes him, or it may 
be a fit,_ when he creeps into an obscure place, and lies 
in a fatigued or comatose state for hours. 
Such, then, as I have endeavored clearly to describe 
them, are the leading symptoms of this horrible malady. 
Tranquil of Dumb Madness. — The general symptoms 
in this form of rabies are much the same as in the pre- 
ceding, with the exception of absence of voice, modifica- 
tion of nervous excitability, and paralysis of the muscles 
of the lower jaw. The latter is a curious and character- 
istic feature in this type of the malady. As I observed 
in Land and Water with regard to the Albrighton hounds, 
"No particular period can be given at which this symp- 
tom is observed. One at feeding time had refused its 
food, and in three hours after its jaw had dropped; an- 
other apparently well at night was found similarly 
affected the following morning, and, in fact, in many of 
them this paralysis w^as noticed before any other 
symptom." 
Frequently in packs of hounds the two forms of rabies 
exhibit themselves simultaneously, and as inoculation 
from glanders produces farcy, and vice versa, so ferocious 
madness may give rise to the dumb or furious form. 
Maternal affection is not interfered with.* 
Post-mortem Appearances. — These differ considerably: 
two in all particulars scarcely ever being alike. Indeed, 
the pathological anatomy of rabies appears to be as varied 
as it is obscure. The following may be taken as some 
of the chief conditions usually seen, but rarely combined : 
Congestion of the brain, occasionally extending to the 
spinal cord. 
Serous effusion within the membranes of both. 
Haemorrhage into the substance of the, brain. 
Inflammation of the fauces, glottis, upper portion of the 
trachea and glands of the throat, with enlargement of the 
latter. These structures are more particularly implicated 
in dumb madness. 
Lungs frequently gorged with blood, especially if the 
animal has died from asphyxia. 
Foreign matters in the posterior part of the mouth, in^ 
the stomach and intestines, as hair, straw, wood, 
earth, etc. 
Or the absence of either, and the presence of blood, 
mucus or brown, coffee-colored fluid in the stomach. 
Patches of inflammation in the lining membrane of the 
stomach and bowels. 
Enlargement and inflammation of the mesenteric 
glands. 
Enlargement and engorgement of the spleen and liver. 
The appearances in the brain, throat, and digestive or- 
gans form the most confirmatory evidence of rabies. 
From the excellent and valuable annual report of the 
cases brought for observation on treatment to the 
Vienna Imperial Veterinary Institute, and published in 
the CEsterreichische Vierteljahresschrift fiir "Wissen- 
schaftliche Veterinarkunde, for 1875,' we observe that in 
the session of 1873-4 there were no fewer than 125 dogs 
adrnitted as rabid, or suspected of being affected with 
rabies. Though some of the pathological alterations were 
so frequent that they could be accurately grouped, yet 
others were so inconstant that there could not be said 
to be any certain indication of the presence of the dis- 
ease. In some were found alterations in the brain; in 
others, changes in the blood, lymphatic glands, and kid- 
" Devouring the excrement has wrongly been described as an 
infallible sign of rabies. I say wrongly, because dogs in robust 
health will occasionalljr contract this disgusting habit, puppies in 
particular. Therefore, it is only to be taken cognizance of in con- 
nection with the other symptoms. Again, morbid appetites are 
often associated with some perculiar condition of the sympathetic 
nervous system, independent of rabies. This is especially to be 
observed in pregnacy. Strange and impossible gratification of 
fancies and desires fill the human mind, and the same idiosyn- 
crasy exists, in the lower animals. In-calf cows often devour 
leather, linen and other strange substances. . Looking at it from 
another point of view, rabies coming under the class of -nervous 
diseases, we should not be surprised at similar morbid appetites 
being present. 
s "The maternal affection for its young remains as strong in the 
rabid as it is in the healthy dog. M. Defays, a professor at the 
Brussels Veterinary School, gives an instance of a bitch that had 
three puppies, and two days afterward suddenly exhibited all the 
symptoms of rabies. Notwithstanding the severe attacks of the 
malady, the poor creature continued to suckle its young, and ran 
anxiously to them when they emitted the slightest cry; not being 
able to swallow any fluid, however, the secretion of milk was sus- 
pended, and the puppies died. 
"But this event did not alter its desire to be near, and to fondia 
them, and to cover them over with straw, as if to hide them; it 
was only when complete paralysis had supervened that the un- 
fortunate animal ceased to occupy itself with its dead offspring' " 
— "Annales de Med. Veterinaire," Brussels, October, \§IL 
(Fleming.) 
* From the Veterinary Journal, October, 1876. 
