Forest and Stream. 
A Weekly Journal of the Rod and Gun. 
5 
Copyright, 1904, by Forest and Stream Publishing Co. 
Terms, $4 a Year. 10 Cts. a Copy. I 
Six Months, $3. ( 
NEW YORK, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1904, 
J VOL. LXIII.-No. 12. 
( No. 346 Broadway, Nbw York. 
The Forest and Stream is the recognized medium of entertain- 
ment, instruction and information between American sportsmen. 
The editors invite communications on the subjects to which its 
pages are devoted. Anonymous communications will not be re- 
garded. While it is intended to give wide latitude in discussion 
of current topics, the editors are not responsible for the views of 
correspondents. 
Subscriptions may begin at any time. Terms: For single 
copies, $4 per year, $a foi six months. For club rates and full 
particulars respecting subscriptions, see prospectus on page iii. 
THE FOREST RESERVES. 
Perhaps the most important economic problem of the 
western half of the continent to-day is that of irrigation. 
For twenty-five or thirty years settlers have been leading 
the water out of the streams and moistening their garden 
patches or fields, and- for hundreds of years before that 
the Indians of the Southwest practiced the same irriga- 
tion, supporting themselves by agriculture. As the West 
settled up, and more and more people took water from 
the streams and spread it over their fields, it became evi- 
dent that under natural conditions there was not water 
enough to go around — not enough to support a consider- 
able population. So it is that within the last two or 
three years the Government has been giving more and 
more attention to this subject, and plans have been made 
and are being carried out for the storage of waters by 
the nation on a colossal scale. Years and years ago it was 
pointed out that many of the streams running from the 
eastern flanks of the Rocky Mountains often went dry in 
late summer, because all the water had been taken from 
them for this purpose, and now irrigation by private per- 
sons on streams running from the west flanks of the 
mountains has gone far enough to show what will happen 
to the rivers in many cases unless their waters are stored 
and controlled. 
At the foundation of the whole question of water sup- 
ply and water storage stands the great question of forest 
preservation, or as we have spread out before us in the 
western country, the Forest Reserve system. The growth, 
the prosperity, nay, even the continued habitability of the 
whole arid region of the West, depends on the manage- 
ment of the Forest Reserves. The farmer cannot grow 
his crops, nor the cattleman range his stock, nor the miner 
run his mill without water — without a supply of water on 
which he can depend throughout the season. This is 
gradually coming to be understood, though it seems to 
have taken people a long time to comprehend it. 
With water, agriculture and other industries can 
flourish. The splendid crops of many portions of the 
further west testify what water will produce from the 
most arid soil, and even the once hopeless Idaho deserts, 
with their crops of sage brush and greasewood, now pro- 
duce splendid crops of sugar beets, which in their turn 
call for factories and a constantly growing population. 
The importance of these facts is gradually coming to> be 
recognized by farmers, miners, and by western people 
generally, but too often selfishness or stupidity interferes 
with the proper preservation of the forests. 
The three great dangers to which the forests are ex- 
posed are fire, the lumbermen, and the grazing of stock. 
In many parts of the West the present season has been 
one of terrible drouth, and in consequence of destructive 
fires; the lumberman, with his portable saw mill, we have 
always with us, and the sheep and the cattlemen are 
always anxious to drive their herds into the Reserves. 
It is not long since we published bitter complaints from 
residents of Wyoming that the domestic stock was not 
allowed on the Forest Reserves, and that much of its 
grass was therefore going to waste. Recently we have 
learned that a tract of country in the Teton Forest Re- 
serve has been badly injured by cattle. Along parts of 
Pacific Creek the grass has been eaten off as completely 
as if sheep had grazed over it, and the valley is full of 
cattle for a long distance. In August the whole country 
looked and smellediike a cattle yard, much of the ground 
being worn so bare and being so cut up by hoofs that 
considerable soil is certain to be washed away by the 
first heavy rain. These cattle are reported to belong to 
a man down at the lower end of Jackson's Hole, who 
has obtained a permit to range some 400 head of cattle 
up on Pacific Creek for this season. 
It may very possibly be that there are portions of tim- 
ber reserves where cattle may be permitted without doing 
much harm, but the best authorities, we believe, are of 
opinion that cattle should be rigidly excluded from the 
Forest Reserves, certainly from any Reserves where 
young timber is growing. It seems especially unfortunate 
that these cattle should have been turned into the heart 
of what is now the finest game preserve in the West. 
In many portions of the Teton Forest Reserve the 
game conditions are extremely gratifying. Elk are 
abundant, and perhaps nowhere outside of the Park can 
one see so many. A party last month riding upon the 
ridge running west from Two Ocean Pass, just north of 
Buffalo Fork of Snake River, passed within fifty yards of 
a band of cows and calves which were estimated at from 
400 to 500. Deer and bear appear also to be numerous. 
The country at the head of Buffalo Fork is full of elk, 
and there are plenty of beautiful meadows with fine grass 
where they range in winter. But there are no elk and no 
game of any kind on Pacific Creek where these cattle 
range. The game laws are fairly well enforced, and the 
feeling of the bonafide settlers and guides has recently 
changed greatly in favor of these laws. 
Of course we all dislike to see the game crowded out 
by domestic stock ; but this perhaps is a sentimental view 
that would not appeal to the utilitarian. What - should 
appeal to everyone, however, is the fact that the introduc- 
tion of cattle means the destruction of the seedling trees, 
the cutting up of the soil and its washing away by heavy 
rains, and is thus the beginning of a process of denuda- 
tion in the mountains, the full effects of which are to be 
seen in the southern Rockies, where the mountain tops 
are as dry and as desert as the valleys below. 
MARTIN I. HEADE. 
Another familiar and prized name has been taken from 
the roll of Forest and Stream's contributors. Martin J. 
Heade, the Didymus of these columns, passed away at his 
home in St. Augustine, Fla., on September 4. The sense 
of personal loss is keenly felt, for Mr. Heade was one 
who from a casual correspondent had on close acquaint- 
ance come to be a personal friend, regarded with affection 
and esteem. His was a character that commanded respect, 
a personality that endeared. 
Mr. Heade was born in 1819, at Lumberville, Pa., near 
the home of Bayard Taylor. His father, a prosperous 
farmer, encouraged the boy's taste for art, and sent him 
while still in his teens to Italy for study. He passed two 
years in Rome, and spent some time in England and 
France. Returning to America he had studios in Provi- 
dence, Boston, and New York, and afterwards made ex- 
tended visits to Central and South America. His later 
years were passed in St. Augustine, where his studio in 
the Ponce de Leon was well known to winter visitors. 
Mr. Heade began his artistic career as a portrait 
painter ; but, writes Tuckerman, in the "Book of Artists," 
"the love of travel was strong within him, and few of 
our artists have roved more about the world." The 
tropics, with their gorgeous vegetation, appealed to him 
most strongly, and his name came to be identified with 
tropical landscapes. In this field he achieved fame; the 
Emperor of Brazil was so pleased with his paintings that 
he bestowed a decoration upon the artist. A painting rich 
with South American vegetation, and singularly true to 
nature in atmosphere and general effect, was the subject 
of unstinted praise by Agazzi and other explorers of the 
Amazon. While in South America he made a fine collec- 
tion of birds and butterflies, many of which afterward 
were transferred to canvas in elaborate and authentic 
studies. He was no less successful in painting the quieter 
and more familiar scenes of the New England coast coun- 
try — Point Judith and the marsh lands with their hay- 
ricks ; and again he turned with like success to studies of 
still-life, putting on canvas the Florida magnolia and the 
Cherokee rose with a vraisemblance so perfect as some- 
times to be astonishing in the illusion. 
Nor did his skill diminish with the advance of age. 
The last year of life found him at the easel painting land- 
scapes characterized by the same wonderful atmospheric 
effects that had won admiration for his earlier work, and 
fixing on the abiding canvas the evanescent floral beauties 
of a Florida springtime. A picture sweet in the memory 
of those who saw it was that of the artist in his St. 
Augustine heme/ thus painting northern marsh land and 
southern flower, and joying in the possession of faculties 
unimpaired and a hand which had not lost its cunning. 
Pleasing, too," was the picture of the artist and his friends, 
the hummingbirds, whose confidence year after year he won 
in such degree that they came fearlessly to perch on his 
hand and drink the sweetened water he kept on hand for 
them. Other wild birds on the grounds shared in some 
measure the same confidence. The last contribution Mr. 
Heade sent, published in our issue of August 6, recorded 
his experiences with the hummingbirds this year. From 
youth Mr. Heade had a decided taste for field sports, 
and in his day was a noted shot. He was an intelligent 
and sympathetic student of natural history. He was 
a frequent contributor to the press ; the pen-name "Didy- 
mus" has been looked for by readers of this journal for a 
quarter century. 
THE LESSON OF SHAM BATTLE. 
The recent sham battle, held on the historic ground 
where some decades ago shams were at a risky discount, 
gravely matured into sham victory and sham defeat. The 
sham conflict is said to have resulted in many benefits to 
the art of war. The daily press of high and low degree — 
than which there is no higher authority extant on all the 
refined technique of great military fights without fighting 
— generously proclaims that the recent conflict between 
the Blues and the Browns has taught many valuable war 
lessons in strategics. 
Who can dispute that word of wisdom? Strategics! 
Comprehensive in its import, convincing in its acoustic 
properties, all of war without war. For the man of peace 
who is learned in the ways of war, the word strategics 
is a safe word at all times. It enables the peaceful war 
critic to use his whole war curriculum en masse. The 
average citizen will never know precisely the particular 
details of the lessons which the strategics embody, if in- 
deed he would not be satisfied to consider them as being 
too profoundly occult for his comprehension. 
The daily press, however, seems to have missed the 
distressing counterblast of doubt consequent to the doubt- 
ful compliment concerning strategics that our redoubtable 
Colonels and Captains and other mighty chieftains higher, 
lower, and intermediate, who are trained professionally 
and nicely in the art of war, should learn so much that 
is valuable in strategics from the action of a sham bat- 
tle seems incredible. One's prej udgment would have 
been that the chieftains had a prior knowledge of war 
strategy according to their prior training and the re- 
quirements of their military profession. To admit that 
our accomplished military officers learned valuable les- 
sons in such manner, unavoidably imputes that, though 
warriors, they knew not war. 
Nevertheless, the sham battle truly provided a material 
object lesson concerning the strategics of peace. It con- 
clusively proved that men, taken from their every-day 
vocations and hurried into a sham battle, were physically 
unfit for such arduous effort. 
The real history of the sham struggle is not a history 
of lessons in war. It is a lesson in how a commissary 
department should be managed, and how men should be 
prepared by seasoning exercise for tasks which require 
strength, quickness, and endurance. 
The history of the sham battle consists mostly in a re- 
countal of the hardships and sufferings imposed on men 
physically unprepared for the strenuous activity of a 
military campaign. Thousands suffered from exhaustion 
consequent to over-exertion, to insufficient food, water, 
and sleep. A press dispatch of September 10 states: 
Corps Headquarters, Gainesville, Va., Sept. 10. — One-half of the 
militiamen who participated in the four days of maneuvering were 
too badly used up to participate in the review at Wellington to- 
day. The review closed the annual army maneuvers for the At- 
lantic Division, the reviewing officer being Lieut. -Gen. Chaffee. 
The review was witnessed by a large number of people, who had 
been attracted to the zone of the war game. 
The matter of physical preparation, as it concerns the 
people, seems to be viewed as a negligible quantity by 
the people themselves. They will recklessly and thought- 
lessly engage in difficult tasks, such as mountain climb- 
ing, big-game hunting, etc., without proper physical pre- 
paratory training. And yet no one of them would for a 
moment seriously entertain the idea that a horse fresh 
from the farm was in proper condition to engage in a 
race or even do active read work which required speed, 
endurancej and power, 
