Nov. 12, 1904.3 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
411 
By exercise and vse of dyet spare, 
And with the liquor of the waters pure, 
Acquaint himselfe if he cannot forbeare, 
And neuer on his greedy belly thinke, 
From rising Sunne vntil a low he sincke. 
The twelth and last of all is memory, 
Remembering well before he setteth out, 
Each needful thing that he must occupy, 
And not to stand of any want in doubt, 
Or leaue something behinde forgetfully: 
When he hath walkt the fields and brokes about, 
It were a griefe backe to returne againe, 
For things forgot that should his sport maintaine. 
Here then you see what kinde of qualities, 
An Angler should indued be with all, 
Besides his skill and other properties, 
To serue his turne, as to his lot doth fall : 
But now what season for this exercise 
The fittest is and which doth serue but small, 
My Muse vouchsafe some little ayd to lend, 
To bring this also to the wished end. 
Fishing in Parauay. 
The people of Paraguay' — or at least the people of 
Asuncion — are not fish eaters to any great extent. The 
River Paraguay at Asuncion teems with desirable food 
fishes of several species. The fishery is conducted by 
Italians. The daily product of the five or six seines 
averages thirty corubinis, which range in weight from 1 
to 3 pounds, and sell at from $1 to $9 each, Paraguayan 
money, or one-ninth of that amount in American gold. 
A trawl fishery operated by about the same number of 
men catches as many more of other species, notably the 
pacu and dorado. The dorado is regarded as a game 
fish, taking a troll and also a fly. I imagine the best tackle 
SEINE FISHING AT PARAGUAY. 
for them would be the same as used for maskinonge or 
the large pike pickerel. Inquiry as to why the people did 
not eat more fish, elicited the reply that fish are too ex- 
pensive, and besides, "nobody but Indians eat fish." Now, 
even in the capital city of Paraguay, the natives have 
much Indian blood in their veins. As there was ample 
room for the operation of long seines, I inquired why 
they were not employed to insure a much larger catch, 
and to this the reply came, "There is no demand for more 
fish." "But if they catch more," I said, "the price can 
be reduced, putting the fish within the reach of the poor 
people." The answer came, "They do not care to reduce 
the price." This is illustrative of the fact that immi- 
grants to a country of easy going habits and customs, 
quickly acquire the easy-going ways of their adopted 
country. , . 
The introduction of artificial ice plants into tropical 
countries will revolutionize the food question, and it will 
not be long before the people of Asuncion will outgrow 
their sensitiveness about eating fish. The ice plants will 
make it possible to keep fresh fish. At present the fish- 
ing is conducted and the fish are marketed m the after- 
noon, to be consumed at the dinner or evening meal. 
The seine fishing is conducted from rowboats, two men 
to a boat. Each boat has a fishing ground on which 
a permanent anchor is denoted by a buoy. One end 
of the net rope is attached to the anchor and then one 
man pays out the seine while the other rows in a circle, 
returning to the anchorage as the last of the net strikes 
the water. The boat is then made fast to the anchor m 
the place of the seine, and the latter is hauled in. Very 
frequently a useless sort of fish gets into the seme and 
cuts his way through it, releasing the more desirable 
ones at the same time. The photograph was taken on a 
dark day in front of Asuncion while a seme was being 
hauled. I imagine the natives of Paraguay, in the coun- 
try, eat fish when they have, energy enough to catch them. 
Although fond of sports, few anglers, for the pleasure 
of it, are found among the natives of South America. 
John W. Titcomb. 
Washington, D. C. 
A Trout Setter. 
From "The London Anglers' Book," 1834.. 
A Butcher in the neighborhood of Uxbridge was in 
possession of a Dog who had lost, through his dare-de\i! 
exploits, an ear and an eye; his tail was also curtailed, 
although he was no cur, as his courage would prove, and 
his other faculties were in perfect order. The Dog was 
the Butcher's inseparable companion, and accompanied 
him wherever he went. Their dispositions were similar, 
and they often wandered about the neighborhood early in 
the morning, the Butcher riding a favorite Welsh Pony, 
more prized for his size than his beauty. The Pony was, 
if possible, more attached to the Dog than the Dog to 
the Master. 
The Butcher had observed that his Dog was, by natural 
inclination, fond of sporting, and encouraged him to a 
certain extent, for at one season of the year the hares 
are to be found early at the same spots, and although dis- 
turbed, will return to lay at the exact place the next 
morning. The Dog had found the resting places of all 
the hares in the neighborhood, and would make a dead 
set at them, till he received the word to put them up, 
which being done, he would then proceed to find another. 
In this manner the Butcher, the Dog, and the Pony 
nearly every morning amused themselves, till at last the 
Pony knew where to find the hares as well as the Dog. 
One morning the Dog was absent with one of the 
Butcher's men of business to fetch some sheep home, the 
Master and Pony went by themselves the usual -round, 
and the Butcher was surprised to find he was conveyed 
to the same spots, nor would his companion leave till he 
had dislodged the game, after which the nag regularly 
proceeded to find another hare. Thus he discovered a 
quality in the Pony he was not aware of, and purposely 
confined Snap the next morning, to put the Pony's 
abilities to a further test, when he found he acted exactly 
as before. 
An annual coursing match took place about this season, 
and the Doctor, the Parson, the Lawyer, the Butcher, and 
several other gentlemen met at an inn to arrange where 
it should take place. The conversation turning upon the 
capabilities of the dogs to be engaged in the sport, the 
Butcher offered to lay a wager of a rump and dozen that 
his Pony would find more hares than any Dog they could 
bring. The Company thought at first he was in jest, but 
when they saw his earnest manner, and found his cash on 
the table to support his bet, they soon cried "Done!" 
and the wager was laid. 
The Parson was a keen sportsman, and had really some 
good Dogs, but they were, to be sure, a little out of prac- 
tice, he having been laid up with the gout. The Lawyer 
had been promised the use of a Dog belonging to a no- 
torious poacher whom he had got through a scrape; and 
the Doctor had borrowed a none-such from one of his 
patients; at all events, the Butcher and his Welshman 
would stand no chance. 
The day and place of meeting being appointed, the- 
Butcher, on his Pony, was the first on the spot (having 
gone through a rehearsal the previous night) ; he was 
soon joined by the Lawyer, Doctor, Parson, and sundry 
lookers-on. It was soon proved that the Dogs stood no 
chance with the Pony, who regularly walked up to the 
hares, to- the surprise and admiration of the field. It im- 
mediately occurred to the Parson that if he could possess 
the Pony he would be able to ride to his sport without the 
trouble of hunting with dogs, and offered to buy him of 
the Butcher, and although the price set upon him was at 
first an obstacle, he ultimately purchased him at the price 
asked. 
The coursing match had thinned the hares in the 
Pony's circuit very considerably, and the Parson and 
Pony were busy among the remainder till they were all 
exterminated. Day after day the Parson and the Pony 
went out, but returned empty, the Pony not having the 
benefit of his old friend Snap's instruction; till his master 
began to repent his bargain, and to accuse the Butcher of 
having taken him in. He had occasion to go some dis- 
tance, and on his way obliged to cross a ford. The Pony 
having reached the middle, made a sudden step, which 
sent the Parson head and heels over the Pony's 
ears into the stream, and with very great diffi- 
culty he escaped drowning, but assistance being at hand, 
he was helped out. The next time he met the Butcher he 
complained of his bargain, and, indeed, called it a little 
short of swindling. This gave rise to such high words 
that both Doctor and Lawyer were likely to have a job. 
The Butcher contended that, as the season was over, the 
Parson had no right to expect the Pony would act un- 
sportsmanlike. "That's not what I complain of," said the 
Parson. "I complain that he is a complete gib. I nar- 
rowly escaped drowning by his pitching me over his head 
into the stream when crossing the ford." "Oh," exclaimed 
the Butcher, "I had forgot to tell you he is equally famous 
for finding trout as hares, and no doubt he stood at one 
of them." "Say no more," says the Parson. "If that's the 
case, I am satisfied. Trout fishing is quite as agreeable 
to me as coursing," . , 
— — 
Points and Flushes. 
The Western Massachusetts Fox Club has issued the 
notice of their seventeenth annual meeting, to be held 
on November 16 and 17, at Westfield, Mass. The notice 
in part reads as follows : "The hunters' hern will sound 
at 5 o'clock on Wednesday morning for breakfast. At 
6 o'clock carriages will be ready at the Park Square 
Hotel to carry the hunters to the grounds. The Annual 
Club Dinner will be served to members and .guests at 
6:30 o'clock on the evening of the first clay's hunt. 
Kindly notify G. E. Austin by November 6 if you can 
attend. This is imperative, in order that proper arrange- 
ments may be made for the banquet. We hope to be 
favored with your presence. 
"Edward G. Clark, Secretary." 
Salt 
Water in Marine Gasolene 
Engine Cylinders. 
BY A. E. POTTER. 
A little salt water in a gas engine cylinder will do a 
considerable amount of harm in a very short while, par- 
ticularly if the cylinder is hot at the time. Leaky gaskets 
are usually the cause, resulting in turn from imperfect 
surfaces or insufficient width of cylinder walls. Cracked 
or spongy cylinders or slight holes between the water- 
jacket and ports or water in the crank case frequently 
cause trouble. . It is usually the custom now to discharge 
part or all the jacket water into the engine exhaust, and 
unless great care is observed in installation, water will 
sooner or later trouble you. In two-cycle installation, 
unless the top of the cylinder is lower than the surface 
of the water outside, no very great care need be observed,_ 
except that the water ought to enter in the direction of 
the exhaust gases. The exhaust should always be above 
the water line. In four-cycle engines it is frequently the 
custom to have the exhaust either at, just above, or just 
below the waterline, thereby not only reducing the power 
cf the engine materiallv, but rendering the liability of 
getting water into the cylinders very great sooner or 
fater. °Add to this the fact that frequently the top of the 
cvlinder is below the waterline, and there is nothing to 
prevent water from running through the pump into the 
water-jacket, then into the exhaust pipe, filling it, and. 
should" an exhaust valve be off its seat, filling the cylinder. 
Frequently, even where, the top of the cylinder is above 
the waterline, water will be found in the cylinder, and the 
novice in particular will be puzzled to explain its 
presence. A solution of this sometimes seeming phe- 
nomenon is that when the engine was stopped there was 
a considerable amount of water in the muffler and ex- 
haust pipe, which, seeking the lowest point, became 
"trapped." Should the exhaust valve be off its seat, these 
hot exhaust gases, condensing, form a partial vacuum in 
the cylinder and this water is drawn into the valve chest 
and frequently into the cylinder itself. In the two-cycle 
engine this is not nearly so liable to happen, owing to the 
fact that when the exhaust port is open the inlet port is 
usually open also, and new gas takes the place of the 
condensing hot gases. 
' I know of one case in particular where a three-cylinder 
two-cycle engine of 24 or 27 horsepower was condemned 
for no other reason than that the water from the sea 
cock would continually fill the after cylinder. After this 
defect was remedied, it did good service in another boat, 
and, for all I know, is in use to-day. 
Another case in point is where two four-cylinder four- 
cycle engines were condemned and taken out of a yacht 
and ethers installed in their place at an expense of several 
thousand dollars for no other reason whatever than that _ 
water could not be kept out of the cylinders, while the 
exhaust was some two feet below the surface of the water 
outside, and no means of relieving the vacuum. 
I certainly advocate the use of water in the exhaust; 
but if the top cf the cylinder is below the waterline out- 
side, the water discharge must extend to a point con- 
siderably above the waterline, with a free outlet, while . 
above that point the connection to the exhaust should be: 
made. In addition there should be a drain cock always 
in the lowest part of the exhaust piping between the en- 
gine and where the water enters, which should be kept 
open in starting and always when engine is shut down. 
Salt water in a hot gasolene engine cylinder has a ten- 
dency to corrode the walls of the cylinder almost as soon 
as it touches them. The side where the thrust from the 
piston comes, where of course there is a thinner film of 
oil, is attacked more quickly, thus increasing the ten- 
dency of loss of compression due to wearing the cylinder 
unevenly. The rings are very likely to become -'rusted 
into the slots and become useless for the purpose 
designed. 
In case water should be found in the cylinder, the first 
thing would be to wipe it out carefully and use kerosene 
freely, turning over the engine several times by hand. 
Then, having proceeded to prevent a recurrence of the 
trouble, shut the engine up and run two cups of kero- 
sene and cylinder oil in equal parts through the engine. 
The cylinder oil, being heavier, will run through first, 
followed by the kerosene. If the engine is allowed to 
stand over night, incalculable harm may be done. 
There is one caution I should like to 'impress on owners 
of gasolene engines, and that is when attempting to start 
your engine it seems to be "set," or the pistons slightly 
stuck in the cylinders. This almost invariably indicates 
the presence of water, perhaps in but smairquantities, 
but sufficient to cause you trouble sooner or later. Its 
source should be sought and the trouble remedied at 
once. If it is in the gasket, a new one should be put on 
at once. Don't make the mistake that is frequently made 
and attempt to use rubber sheet packing, as many do ' 
but get a packing that is especially made by one or two 
prominent manufacturers, a combination of" asbestos and 
brass wire gauze, and the slightly increased expense will 
be repaid you many times. One caution in using this 
