1832.J 
ISLAND OF JAVA. 
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species of the monkey ; among which are the orang-outang and 
wow-wow. Here are also found the stag, deer, wild-hog, wild- 
ox, and buffalo ; the rase, which produces musk, and the bezoor. 
Among the useful and domestic animals are the horse, the 
cow, and the ox. Neither the elephant nor the camel is a native 
of Java;' the former is rarely imported, the latter unknown. 
Neither the ass nor mule is found ; the island has a fine breed of 
small horses, strong, fleet, and well made. Bulls, cows, buffaloes, 
goats, sheep, and hogs, are plenty. Turkeys, geese, ducks, com- 
mon fowls, and pigeons, abound on every farm. Here are also 
herons, falcons, crows, owls, peacocks, &c. The woodlands are 
tenanted with upwards of two hundred different species of birds, 
from the tiny hummingbird to the large emen, or cassowary, with 
every intermediate size ; many of them are of beautiful plumage, 
and some of exquisite song. Here are found parrots, paroquets, 
Argos pheasants, crested pigeons, and the fuUca pauphrio ; also, 
the oriolus, or golden thrush ; the alcedo, or kingfisher, the Java 
sparrow, or rice-bird ; and several sorts of the bird of paradise. 
Likewise, the swallow, which builds the edible nests so highly 
valued by the Chinese. Besides the reptiles already mentioned, 
here are twenty different kinds of poisonous serpents ; together 
with scorpions, centipedes, toads, and frogs. 
The exports of the island are rice, sugar, coffee, pepper, 
indigo, teak, timber and plank ; spices, which are brought from 
the Moluccas, tin from Banca, cotton, yarn, salt, edible bird's- 
nests, which are produced in abundance, particularly in the hilly 
districts stretching through the Bantam country, and in the do- 
minions of the emperor and sultan. 
The imports are European articles of every description, chintses, 
silks, hats, tea, Japan goods, and China-ware, opium from Bengal, 
tin from Banca, &c. &c. On the establishment of the British 
authority in Java, great changes were made ip the internal policy 
of the country, particularly in the mode of collecting the revenues, 
tenure of lands, &c. The delivery of goods at an inadequate 
rate, and all fendal services, were abolished ; and lands, according 
to local circumstances, were leased out for a moderate term 
of years. 
- According to these rates, the land rental, exclusive of Batavia, 
on the kingdom of Jacatra, amounted, in eighteen hundred and 
