APPENDIX. 
541 
had much occasion to be highly gratified with, and would strongly recom- 
mend it to every navigator who visits those seas. Notwithstanding every 
precaution, the number of sick daily increased ; and those who reported 
themselves sick were attacked with enteritis (inflammation of the bowels), 
attended with much tormina and tenesmus. In several cases the disease 
assumed a most malignant character from the commencement, and in one 
case— a robust, vigorous young man — it proved fatal within twenty-four 
hours of his first indisposition. • Violent inflammatory symptoms obtained 
in the onset of the disease, for which they were copiously bled, and the 
subm. hydrar. (calomel) given in large doses and frequently repeated ; and 
emetics were also prescribed in the- commencement of the disease with 
much benefit, a§ they counteracted the great tendency to visceral conges- 
tion. Mercurial inunction vvas freely used to accelerate copious saliva- 
tion, which, when once well established, was generally useful, although 
it did not in every instance preserve life. The course of the disease was, 
violent inflammatory symptoms from the beginning ; tormina and tenes- 
mus ; severe spasms ; bloody fetid evacuations ; collapse, and death. 
We remained at Batavia twenty days, during which the thermometer 
averaged 83°, with very little variation throughout the twenty-four hours ; 
but alternate land and seabreezes prevented the severe oppression of so 
high a temperature. When the landbreeze came off at night, it brought 
with it putrid exhalations from the fens and marshes that were extremely 
offensive, and oppressed the respiration to such a degree that there were 
few on board who did not complain of it. This malaria doubtless brings 
with it the seeds of disease, from which foreigners suffer so much. 
The wall that formerly surrounded the city was demolished by the 
French and Englishiwhen in their possession, and the city extended to 
the high grounds, three or four miles from its former site ; and as the 
dwellings of the merchants here are large,, spacious, and airy, it has 
effected a great change in the salubrity of -the place. 
The foreign residents a:re temperate in their living, and never expose 
. themselves to the sun. The governor and Dutch troops are stationed in 
the interior, where the climate is not so obnoxious to foreigners ; yet a 
few years residence on the island is certain to bring with it physical and 
mental enervation. 
Ships going to Batavia, should be careful to enforce the regulations 
adopted in the Potomac. They should use little animal food, and entirely 
abolish the spirituous ration ; as I am convinced by so doing they would 
prevent much disease, and save many valuable lives. , , 
On the 10th of April we sailed from Batavia, with forty-two on the sick- 
list, including twenty-eight cases of dysentery. On the I4th the ther- 
mometer stood at 90°, and the sick-list increasing ; and on the 17th passed 
through the Straits of Gasper, the thermometer at 85°, and fifty-four on 
the sick-list. On the 21st, at meridian, we were at anchor one mile south 
of the equator, calm, thermometer 85°, and fifty on the sick-report. New 
cases occurring daily. "The chloride of lime is used freely about the 
cots and hammocks of the sick, and every possible attention paid to clean- 
liness." — " 1st of May — There have been three deaths* within the last 
* Among the number was Mr. Oliver, commodore's secretary ; he had been labouring 
under tracheal phthisis for two years, and came on board with the ezpectation that a resi- 
