APPENDIX. 
547 
from this terrible disease. During our stay, the avsrage on the sick-list 
was nineteen; the thermometer standing at 65"^, and the barometer at 
29.80. There had been no rain at Coqunnbo for three years previous to 
our arrival ; while we were there they had several showers. 
The smallpox hst was so far reduced on the 8th of J uly as to enable 
the commodore to put to sea, when, after a passage of eight days,, we 
arrived at Callao, a regular south wind continuing during the passage. 
Two sporadic cases of smallpox occurred after our arrival. 
On the 22d of August sailed from Callao, having been there thhty-five 
days ; the thermometer ranging at 69°, and the barometer at 29.77, with 
a daily average of twenty-eight on the sick-report. A constant mist and 
fog filled the atmosphere, and was so heavy as to supply the place of rain 
which was much dreaded by the natives, as this is the sickly season when, 
dysenteries, intermittent fevers, and pulmonary diseases obtain. Several 
cases of low grade of fever occurred in this part, which frequently prevails 
throughout the shipping ; it is attended with a small and frequent pulse, 
and great prostration. Dr. Ruschenberger, surgeon of the U. S. ship Fal- 
mouth, has seen much of this disease, and found small and frequent doses 
of the submur. hydrarg. et pulv. antimoniahs (calomel and James's pow- 
der), the most successful in its treatment.. Fourteen cases of adenetes 
were admitted to the hst, which in the crew usually terminated in 
suppuration. 
On the 22d sailed for Payta, where we arrived in three days; and 
although so short a distance from Callao, where we were constantly en- 
veloped in fogs and mist, we here found the climate alh we could desire^ 
a clear, dry atmosphere, regular winds that prevent the extreme heat of 
the day, and but little change of the thermometer at night. On the 26th 
sailed for the Galapagos Islands, and in six days anchored in Essex Bay, 
Charles Island, lat. 1° 13' south- A large number of the crew were 
daily on shore after terapin, and frequently exposed throughout the day 
to a hot sun, with those immense animals on their hacks, travelling over 
the broken lava ; yet the health of the ship's company remained compara- 
tively good. Ardent spirits could not be procured, and the crew were 
kept upon then regular allowance. Essex Bay was frequently visited 
during the late war by Commodore Porter, and it was found to contribute 
materially to the health of his ships' companies. 
A settlement is now being made on the island, which promises to do 
much good ; they have located on the liigh and fertile parts of the island, 
where the temperature is much lower than in the bay, and the residents, 
who are from Guayaquil; complain much of the cold. 
Our whale-ships frequently touch at this port, and never suffer from 
the climate. The crews of our whale-ships are temperate, and always 
wear flannel; their only wants are vegetables, for which they frequently 
suffer during their long periods at sea. 
As our crew were much predisposed to bowel complaints after our visit 
to India, there was a return of dysentery, attended with some of the high 
inflammatory symptoms, tormina, and tenesmus, that characterized the 
disease at Batavia. They were copiously bled, emetics of ipecacuanha 
administered, followed by large doses of the submur. hydrarg. We 
remained ten days in port, during which the temperature ranged at 73°, 
