xlviii 
INTRODUCTION. 
short, round, the fourth quili the longest, the third, fifth, sixth and seventh equal ; tail rather short and round ; tarsi 
moderately long, defended anteriorly with indistinct scales ; hind-toe rather long, with a long claw ; lateral toes 
uneven, the outer one the shortest. 
This group comprises tAvo species, one inhabiting Van Diemen's Land, the other Southern and Western Au- 
stralia ; they are terrestrial in their habits, but occasionally perch on the smaller branches of the trees. 
223. Calanianthus fuliginosus Vol. III. PI. 70. 
224. Calamanthus campestris, Gould . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. III. PL 71. 
Genus Chthonicola, Gould. 
Generic characters. 
Bill short, gradually descending from the base ; the upper mandible slightly notched at the tip, compressed 
laterally ; tomia curving inwards ; wings concave ; the first primary very short, the third, fourth, fifth and sixth 
nearly equal and the longest ; tail slightly concave, and all the feathers of an equal length ; tarsi moderately long ; 
toes short, the hinder toe somewhat longer than the middle one ; front claws more curved than in the genus Anthus. 
The single species known of this genus combines in a remarkable manner the outward appearance, habits and 
manners of the Acanthizce and Anthi, but is, I believe, more nearly allied to the former than to the latter. 
225. Chthonicola minima Vol. III. PI. 72. 
Sylvia sagittata, Lath. Gen. Hist. vol. vii. p. 136 ? 
Rather widely dispersed over the grassy flats of New South Wales, and constructs a domed nest in a depression 
of the ground like the true Sylvice. 
Subfamily MOTACILLINvE, Bonap. 
Genus Anthus, Bechst. 
Whether this Old World form is represented in Australia by more than a single species, is a point I have not 
satisfactorily determined ; every part of its extra-tropical regions, including Van Diemen's Land, is inhabited by 
Pipits which differ somewhat in size in almost every colony ; still their difference is so slight that I have hitherto 
regarded them as mere varieties or local races. 
226. Anthus Australis, Vig. 8^ Horsf. Vol. HI. PI. 73. 
Subfamily ? 
Genus Cincloramphus, Gould. 
rather shorter than the head ; CM?mm slightly arched; the tip distinctly notched ; the commissure slightly 
angulated at the base, and somewhat incurved for the remainder of its length ; nostrils lateral, oval ; wings moderate, 
rigid, first quill very long and nearly equal to the second and third, which are the longest ; tertials nearly as long 
as the primaries ; tail rather small and cuneiform ; tarsi very strong and scutellated anteriorly ; toes long and 
powerful, particularly the hinder one and claw, which is articulated on the same plane with the inner toe ; lateral 
toes nearly equal. 
The members of this genus, M^hich are three in number, are closely allied to the Indian genus Megahirus, and 
present even a greater disparity in the size of the sexes ; they are all confined to Australia, where they frequent 
the grassy plains and open districts. The song of the males is more animated than that of any other bird inha- 
biting the country. 
227. Cincloramphus cruralis . . . ... . . . . . - . . Vol. III. PL 74. 
228. Cincloramphus cantillans, Gould . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. III. PL 75. 
229. Cincloramphus rufescens, Gould . . . ... , . . . . Vol. III. PI. 76. 
