INTRODUCTION. 
xxiii. 
and economy of the whole are as similar as they are in outward appearance ; and that the Falco melanogenys is as 
destructive to the ducks of the interior of Australia as the Falco Anatum is in North America. 
9. Falco subniger, Gray . . • ... Vol. I. PL 9. 
A powerful Falcon differing somewhat in structure from the F. hypoveucus and F. melanogenys. Nothing is 
known of its habits, and as yet I have only seen four examples, all of which were procured in the interior of South 
Australia. 
10. Falco frontatus, Gould Vol. I. PL 10. 
Falco lunulatus, Lath. Ind. Orn. SuppL, p. xiii. ? 
Sparvius lunulatus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., tom. x. p. 324. 
Falco longipennis, Swains. Anim. in Menag., p. 341. ? 
suhbuteo, Brehm, Isis, 1845, p. 347. ? . 
(^Hypotriorchis^ frontatus, Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 65. 
A little Falcon with the habits of the Hobby and Merlin combined ; found in all parts of Australia to the 
southward of the 25th degree of S. lat. ; among other birds it preys upon the Quails and the little Partridges be- 
longing to the genus Synoicus. 
Genus Ieracidea, Gould. 
Generic characters. 
Bill and general form of Falco, but the wings less powerful, and the third quill-feather the longest ; tarsi more 
elongated, slender, and covered anteriorly with hexagonal scales ; toes more feeble, the hind-toe shorter, and the 
claws less robust. 
So far as our present knowledge extends, the members of this genus are only three in number, all of which are 
confined to Australia and New Zealand. 
11. Ieracidea Berigora .............. Vol. I. PL 11. 
Ieracidea Berigora, Kaup, Class, der Saug. und Vog., p. 112. 
Professor Kaup considers this species and the succeeding one, /. occidentalis, to be identical, but having had 
numerous opportunities of observing them, I am satisfied that they are distinct ; and in confirmation of this opinion 
I may state that the /. Berigora, which is from the eastern coast, is always the largest, has the cere blue-grey, and 
the plumage of the adult light brown, sparingly blotched with white on the breast ; while the /. occidentalis, from 
the western coast, is a more delicately formed bird, has the cere yellow and the breast white, with faint lines of 
brown down the centre of each feather. 
12. Ieracidea occidentalis, Gould ............ Vol. I. PL 12, 
Genus Tinnunculus, Vieill. 
13. Tinnunculus Cenchroides . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. I. PL 13. 
Cerchneis immaculatus, Brehm, Isis. 
A beautiful representative of the Kestrils of Europe and India, where, as well as in Africa and in most parts of 
America, members of this group are to be found. 
The range of the Tinnunculus Cenchroides extends over the whole of the southern parts of Australia, and that it 
extends far towards the northern portion of the country is proved by Mr. Gilbert having found it, as well as its 
nest, during the expedition of Dr. Leichardt from Moreton Bay to Port Essington. 
The following is an extract from his Journal: — " October 2. Found, for the first time, the eggs of Tinnunculus 
Cenchroides, four in number, deposited in a hollow spout of a gum-tree overhanging a creek ; there was no nest, the 
eggs being merely deposited on a bed of decayed wood." They are freckled all over with blotches and minute dots 
of rich reddish chestnut on a paler ground, and are one inch and five-eighths in length by one inch and a quarter 
in breadth. 
