PANDION 
LEUCOCEPHALUS, Gould. 
White-headed Osprey. 
Pandion leucocephalus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc, Part V. p. 138 ; and in Syn. Birds of Australia, Part III. 
Yoon-dooir-doo, Aborigines of the lowland districts of Western Australia. 
Joor-joot, Aborigines of Port Essington. 
Little Fish Hawk, Colonists of New South Wales. 
Fish Hawk, Colonists of Swan River. 
The White-headed Osprey, though not an abundant species, is generally diffused over every portion of 
Australia suited to its habits ; I myself shot it in Recherche Bay, at the extreme south of Van Diemen's Land ; 
and Mr. Gilbert found it breeding both at Swan River on the western, and at Port Essington on the northern 
shores of Australia. Like its near allies of Europe and America, of which it is a beautiful representative in 
the southern hemisphere, it takes up its abode on the borders of rivers, lakes, inlets of the sea, and the 
small islands lying off the coast. Its food consists entirely of living fish, which it procures precisely after 
the manner of the other members of the genus, by plunging down upon its victim from a considerable height 
in the air with so true an aim as rarely to miss its object, although an immersion to a great depth is some- 
times necessary to effect its accomplishment. Its prey when secured is borne off to its usual resting- 
place and devoured at leisure. Wilson's elegant description of the habits and manners of the American 
bird is in fact equally descriptive of those of the present species. Independently of its white head, this 
species differs from its near allies in the much lighter colouring of the tarsi, which are yellowish white 
slightly tinged with grey. 
The nest being of great size is a very conspicuous object ; it is composed of sticks varying from the size 
of a finger to that of the wrist, and lined with the softer kinds of sea-weed. It is usually placed on the 
summit of a rock, but is sometimes constructed on the top of a large Eucalyptus ; always in the vicinity of 
water. K nest observed by Mr. Gilbert in Rottnest Island measured fifteen feet in circumference. The 
eggs are two in number, of a yellowish white, boldly spotted and blotched with deep rich reddish brown, 
which colour in some specimens is so dark as to be nearly black ; other specimens again are clouded with 
large blotches of purple, which appear as if beneath the surface of the shell. The medium length of the 
eggs is two inches and five lines, and the breadth one inch and nine lines. 
When near the water its flight is heavy and flapping, but when soaring aloft at a great altitude its actions 
are the most easy and graceful imaginable, at one moment appearing motionless, and at another performing 
a series of beautiful curves and circles, apparently for mere enjoyment ; for from the great height at which 
they are executed it is hardly to be conceived that the bird can be watching the motions of its finny prey 
in the waters beneath. 
Crown of the head, back of the neck, throat, abdomen, thighs and under tail-coverts white ; feathers of 
the chest mottled with brown, and with a dark brown mark down the centre ; ear-coverts and sides of the 
neck dark brown ; back, wings and tail clove brown, each feather of the back with a narrow circle of white 
at its extremity ; primaries black ; bill black ; cere and base of the bill bluish lead-colour ; feet pale bluish 
white ; irides primrose-yellow in some, bright orange in others ; claws black. 
The figure is about two-thirds of the natural size. 
