CATALO GUE SOUTHERN NURSERIES. 5 
General Information for Planters — Continued. 
Insects. 
The rapid Increase of insects injurious to fruit and fruit trees necessarily compels the horticul- 
turist to obtain a knowledge of their habits, that he may provide means to oppose their ravages; 
otherwise he must remain at their mercy, and find that paying crops become more and more un- 
certain. The limits of this Catalogue allow only space for the enumeration of the most destructive 
and abundant species which infest the orchards and vineyards, and the best remedies as suggested 
by leading entomologists. 
APPIiES. 
Borer (Saperda Candida)— Examine trees In spring and again In June, and dig out the grubs with a wire, 
then wash the collar of roots and part of the body with a mixture of lime and sulphur. 
Caterpillar (Cllslocampa Americana) — Destroy nests as soon as they appear In spring. 
Apple Worm (Carpocapsa pomonella), or Codlln Moth — Spray with Paris green at the rate of 4 ounces to 50 
gallons of water or Bordeaux mixture, after the blossoms have fallen, and before the calyx lobes close. Repeat in 
one week. It is generally conceded that earlier or later sprayings than mentioned above are o( no value when 
dealing with the codhn moth. It is necessary, therefore, to spray just after the petals fall and before the calyx 
lobes close, In order to fill this cup with poison at the only time it is possible to do so. Bordeaux, not being strictly 
an Insecticide, does not act against the codlln moth, but It is always well to use it with Paris green to prevent 
apple scab or other fungous diseases. 
Aphis, Woolly (Aphis lanlgera) — Wash trees with solution of whale-oil soap or kerosene emulsion. 
Aphis, Root (Pemphigus Pyrl)— Scrape the earth away and wash with soap-suds or kerosene emulsion. 
Canker Worm (Anisopteryx vernata) — Encircle the tree with a canvas belt, coated thoroughly with tar and 
train on. 
PEMiCHES AND PLiIJMS. 
Cnrculia (Conotrachelos nenuphar) — Spray the trees before the blossoms open with a solution of Paris green, 
4 ounces to 50 gallons of water. Use Bordeaux with Paris green when the blossoms have fallen. Ten days later 
Bordeaux and Paris green. If peach and plum trees are in foliage, use 3 pounds copper solution, 6 pounds lime, 
and 60 gallons of water; a stronger mixture will burn the foliage. Then follow with a large hopper, made of 
sheeting, and having a spread of 10 to 15 feet, having a slit in same so that the tree can be encircled; give the 
trunk a quick blow with a padded club; this causes the curcullo to fall. Dump the insects into a Jar of kero- 
sene. Jarring should be done daily, early In the morninfg and late In the evening, before the insects begin to 
fly. Continue the Jarring until the orchard is rid of the insects. 
Peach Tree Borer (Sanninoldea Exitiosa) — During November or December, scrape the earth from the collar 
of the roots, carefully examine the bark for larvae or grubs; apply a wash of lime and sulphur. Early in Feb- 
ruary apply a handful of unleached ashes, and earth up the tree, forming a cone of 6 inches above the surface. 
San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus Perniciosus) — This attacks peach, pear, apple, quince, cherry, walnut, raspberry, 
rose and a number of other trees and shrubs. For winter wash use 20 per cent kerosene in a mechanical mixer 
with water (Gould or Doming pump); thoroughly spray the trees in the fall as soon as the leaves have fallen. 
Repeat in the spring. Just before the fruit buds open. Select bright, clear days for spravlng. When a kerosene 
sprayer Is not at hand, use 2 pounds of whale-oil soap to 1 gallon of hot water; sprav while the solution is 
warm. When trees are in foliage spray with kerosene emulsion, one part of emulsion to five of water or 15 
per cent kerosene in mechanical mixture. 
Other Scale Insects — Of which there are several species, which are more or less destructive to fruit and 
other trees. Kerosene emulsion, whale-oil soap and kerosene in a mechanical sprayer will eradicate them. 
If your trees are Infested with any Insects or fungous diseases, send infected portion to your experiment 
station, your State Entomologist, or U. S. Entomologist, at Washington, D. C. 
JAPANESE PERSIMMONS, WALNUTS AND PECANS. 
Twigr Glrdler (Onclderes clngulatus) — All limbs that have been girdled and have fallen must be burned at 
once, thus destroying prospective broods of sawyers. 
Borer (Prionus) — These bore through the roots, and usually destroy the tree; must be carefully removed. 
Carefully examine collar of tree in winter and mid-summer, and apply lime and sulphur wash. 
Catocala Caterpillar (Catocala maestosa) — This insect feeds on the leaves of pecans and is sometimes quite 
Injurious; spray with Paris green, 4 ounces to 50 gallons of water. 
GRAPE VINES. 
Phylloxera — Various Insecticides are recommended, but must be applied below the ground with the aid of 
specially constructed apparatus. 
Leaf Hopper (Erythroneura vltis) — Passing with a torch between the rows, in the evening, and shaklnis 
the vines to disturb the insects. 
Leaf Folder (Desmia maculatls) — Kerosene emulsion or London purple as a spray. 
Borer (Prionus) — Its presence Is manifested by the unhealthy appearance, of the vine. Search must be made 
at the roots, and the grub destroyed. 
Flee Beetle (Haltica chalybea) — Dust leaves with dry lime. 
Grape Curcullo (Caeliodes Inoequalls) — London purple solution as a spray, as soon as fruit Is set. 
STRAWBERRIES. 
Beetle (Haltica Ignita) — Dust leaves with dry lime. 
FUNGOUS DISE-iSES. 
Pear Blight — The following preventive measures are recommended: As buds are swelling, spray with copper 
sulphate solution; as blossoms open, spray with Bordeaux mixture (4-5-50); as blossoms fall, Bordeaux mixture 
and arsenites; 8 to 12 days later, repeat application, and use Bordeaux mixture 10 to 14 days later, and again 
Ing ""^^^ iB.ter. if necessary. If blight has occurred, cut oft and burn all affected limbs, to prevent spread- 
Apple Tree Blight — May be treated similarly as for pears, but fewer applications are required. 
Black Rot In Grapes — Spray with copper sulphate solution In spring before buds swell. When leaves appear, 
spray with Bordeaux, repeat twice at Intervals of 10 to 14 days. Dusting with flowers of sulphur as soon as 
fruit is set, and repeated every 10 days until coloring, is advisable for mildew, but it Bordeaux mixture is used 
early it will lessen the appearance of the latter. > 
Black Knot in Plums — Cut off the affected branches below affected parts, and burn, to prevent Its spreading. 
Spray with Bordeaux mixture. 
Rot on Peaches, Plums and Nectarines — Spray with copper sulphate before buds swell, and with Bordeaux 
before flowers open, and again with Bordeaux when fruit is well set. Repeat this at intervals of 10 to 14 days. 
Dusting with flowers of sulphur when fruit is half grown, and repeated every 10 to 14 days. Is advisable if 
Bordeaux mixture is not used. 
Rust on Raspberries and Blackberries — Spray with copper sulphate solution before buds break. Use Bordeaux 
mixture If rust appears in spring or summer. 
