Feb. 4, 1905.]! 
FOREST AND STREAM 
99 
larly, render the wrist and crank pin and main shaft 
bearings subject to excessive wear from the heat of the 
gases which pass by the rings into the crank case. These 
have a tendency to burn up the oil and heat the bearings. 
If the engine is of the two-cycle type, the leaking products 
of combustion foul the gas so that it is not so explosive, 
reduce the quantity of each charge by heating and dis- 
placing its volume. 
There- is one cause of scoring of the cylinder which is 
all too frequent, and that is by the ends of the piston 
or wrist pin protruding through the hole in the piston. 
Some pins have their bearings in the piston itself, and 
others are tight in the piston and have their bearing in 
the upper end of the connecting rod. No matter which 
construction is employed, the ends of the pin should never 
come into contact with 'the cylinder walls. The pin must 
be, by some absolutely positive method, kept in place. 
This seems easy, but some of our best designers have 
fallen down on this particular feature, and results of this 
imperfection have frequently proved disastrous. The new 
designer does not usually appreciate the necessity of care 
in this respect until he has an opportunity to note the 
damage resulting from a loose wrist-pin. When rebor- 
ing with new piston and rings becomes necessary, or a 
new cylinder has to be supplied and the expense is 
realized, he awakens to the fact that the success of a gas- 
olene engine is in careful attention to the little things, 
kinks, etc., learned by sad experience ofttimes. 
A gasolene engine is not worn out until its cylinder is 
so badly worn or broken that it will not hold compression, 
and cannot be replaced or rebored. Pistons and rings, 
as well as connecting rods, can be cheaply replaced, and 
in some cases cylinders can be rebored, but the work 
should only be done by people who know how, and the 
cost is sometimes prohibitive. 
The matter resolves itself into a careful study into the 
actions and conditions of the engine's nerves or piston 
rings ; and in buying engines a good deal of money, time 
and trouble may be saved you by investigating the piston 
ring end, and the life of your engine may be prolonged by 
attendance upon, and renewals of, the piston rings when 
necessary, or sometimes, perhaps, a little before this be- 
comes imperative. 
Queries on Marine Motors. 
H. B. L., Trenton, N. J. — My engine, the past season, bothered 
me from pressure, blowing the oil out of the lubricating cup on 
the cylinder. It would only feed about one-half a cupful before 
the feed would stop. What caused it, and how can it be remedied? 
Ans. — In multi-cylinder engines, even when new, fre- 
quently one cylinder will bother the same as you 
describe, while all the others will feed regularly. The 
cause is, in your case, undoubtedly due to excessive 
wear, either of the cylinder or piston rings, or the top 
ring may be broken. The piston pin may have scored 
the cylinder, or it may have been caused by too little 
oil at some time. You may have had water in the 
cylinder some time, and the upper ring may have be- 
come rusted or stuck in the slot. It shows conclusively 
that the pressure leaks by the top ring and is held by 
the next one or even the third, and this pressure blows 
the oil back. Unless the lubricating hole through the 
cylinder wall, when the piston is on the upper and 
lower center, is covered by the piston, the lubrication 
cannot be fully depended upon. This is the reason for 
the necessity of the piston always being at least one and 
one-fourth the length of the stroke, unless splash lubri- 
cation is employed. 
P. E. J., Westerly, R. I. — Why does a right-hand propeller 
wheel throw the stern of the boat to the starboard when going 
ahead and to the port when "backing"? 
Ans. — The screw propeller exerts more power at the 
lower part where the water is less disturbed than at 
the top. In backing, this phenomenon is not so pro- 
nounced as when going ahead. The wake of the boat, 
or the water coming together as it leaves the sides of 
the boat is responsible in part. 
H. B. R., Norfolk, Va. — 1. How fast ought a 6in. by 6in. single 
cylinder two-cycle engine to run? 2. Could I not increase the power 
by increasing its speed from 300 to 450 r. p. m. ? 
Ans. — (i) The manufacturer of your engine is the 
proper one for you to address, for he should know how 
fast it is safe to run it, at what speed it develops the 
most power, whether the piston, connecting rod and 
crank pin is counterbalanced or not. (2) If the speed 
could be safely increased and the ports are properly 
proportioned, exhaust piping is ample and there is not 
too much back pressure on the exhaust, you might in- 
crease the power by increasing the speed — but 450 revo- 
lutions per minute for the average 6in. x 6in. single- 
cylinder engine is very high. 
J. B. P., East Alburgh, Vt. — My propeller wheel, as measured 
by the apparatus described in your paper a few weeks ago, is any- 
where from 24in. to 31in. pitch. One of the three blades has over 
to per cent, more pitch than the others. Could I not bend that 
blade to reduce the pitch, or would I get better results by getting 
a new wheel? 
Ans. — You do not give sufficient information to 
judge of just what is needed; but we hardly think you 
can bend the blades to make them all uniform. Even 
were they' all alike, the wheel would not give the 
best results, for the pitch is nothing like true screw. 
American Boats in South America. — P. T. Blose, a 
boat manufacturer of Detroit, Mich., passed through 
Pittsburg last night to his home, after spending several 
weeks in South America, where he formerly shipped 
many boats to be used on the rivers in that country. Mr. 
Blose stated that in former years the majority of the boats 
used on the South American rivers were built in this 
country, many of them being shipped from Pittsburg. 
He said that of recent years the boat manufacturers of 
Germany had underbid the American manufacturers, and 
as a result the Germans were getting the bulk of that 
trade. The boats are shipped to South America, where 
they are put together. The machinery for the boats sent 
from Germany does not equal that sent from this country, 
according to statements made by Mr. Blose, and he be- 
lieves that it will be but a few years until the Americans 
make nearly all the boats used on the fivers in South 
A,merica. — Pittsburg Times. 
Boston Letter. 
Boston, Jan. 29. — The annual meeting of the Boston 
Y. C. was held at the Rowe's Wharf club house last 
Wednesday evening. It was thought that some mention 
of the new uniform rating rule would be made, and pos- 
sibly that a proposition would be made to adopt it. Noth- 
ing was said about it, however, and it will remain for an- 
other meeting to be agitated. It was voted to hold an 
annual cruise during the season of 1905, and Vice-Com- 
modore E. P. Boynton at once extended an invitation to 
the members of the club to again become his guests at 
Five Islands, Me. Last year the fleet of the Boston Y. C. 
visited Vice-Commodore Boynton at Five Islands, and 
from the manner in which they enjoyed themselves it is 
likely that they will be anxious to go again. The fleet 
was up against the "Down-East" fog proposition last 
season, but in spite of this the cruise was successful. Mr. 
Will iam Avery Carey, who was re-elected Secretary- 
Treasurer at the meeting, tendered his resignation, and a 
committee was appointed to wait upon him to see if he 
could not be induced to alter his decision. If he remains 
firm, it will be necessary to call a special meeting of the 
club tO' fill the position. Mr. Carey was secretary of the 
Hull club from 1880. He continued the office when the 
PIull and the Massachusetts Y. C.'s were amalgamated, 
and has continued with the Boston Y. C. since the amal- 
gamation with the Hull-Massachusetts Club two years 
ago. The following officers were elected : Com., B. P. 
Cheney, steam yacht Jule; Vice-Com., E. P. Boynton, 
schooner Magnolia; Rear-Com., Alfred Douglas, sloop 
Shigessa; Sec'y-Treas., William Avery Carey; Executive 
Comittee — Foster Hooper, Charles A. French, Charles 
Hayden and Walter Burgess ; Membership Committee— 
W. C. Lewis, L. B. Goodspeed, Charles H. Cross 2d and 
Arthur Prince Hawes ; Regatta Committee for two- years, 
Sumner H. Foster, C. G. Brown, David A. Weir and 
George P. Keith. 
At the annual meeting of the Corinthian Y. C, of 
Marblehead, the following officers were elected : Com., 
John O. Shaw; Vice-Corn., Henry A. Morss ; Rear-Com., 
George P. Hodgdon; Sec'y, Everett Paine; Treas.-Meas., 
W. B. Stearns ; Executive Committee — Frank E. Pea- 
body and W. H. Rothwell ; Regatta Committee— Herbert 
S. Goodwin, L. F. Percival, H. H. Walker, W. L. Carl- 
ton and Stephen Bowen; Membership Committee — Per- 
cival W. Pope, O. W. Shead, Frederick Estabrook and 
Charles D. Wainwright; House Committee for three 
years, Robert C. Morse. It appears to be the sentiment in 
the club, that the new uniform measurement rule should 
be^ adopted, and with this in view, a committee was ap- 
painted to revise the racing rules. Since the annual meet- 
ing, the regatta committee has organized and has an- 
nounced the following fixtures : 
June 10, Saturday — Club race. 
June 17, Saturday — Invitation ocean race. 
July I, Saturday — Club race. 
July 4, Tuesday — Invitation race. 
July 8, Saturday — Club race. 
July 22, Saturday — Club race. 
July 29, Saturday — Club race. 
August 9, Wednesday — Midsummer series. 
August 10, Thursday — Midsummer series. 
August II, Friday — Midsummer series. 
August 12, Saturday — Invitation race. 
August 26, Saturday — Club race. 
September 2, Saturday — Club race. 
September 4, Monday — Grand handicap. 
The new 90ft. schooner for Mr. F. F. Brewster is about 
half plated in Lawley's west shop. In the east shop an 
87ft. twin screw gasolene yacht, designed by Mr. Fred. 
D. Lawley for Mr. Herbert F. Hanson has been planked 
and the deck laid, and the cabin work is now going in. 
A 6oft. gasolene yacht designed by Mr. Arthur Binney is 
planked. A 22-footer for Mr. C. A. Morss is being 
finished up inside. This boat will be used in Buzzard's 
Bay. The 30-footer for Mr. Albert Stone has been 
finished. She will be called Ursula II. In the boat shop 
four of the ten 17-footers of the Cohasset one-design 
class have been finished, and all of the boats have been 
started. The cabin house is being put on the 35 ft. launch 
for Mr. Francis C. Welch. A 20ft. cat for Mr. Felix 
Rackerman is planked. A 35-footer, designed by Mr. W. 
H. Hand, Jr., for Mr. A. R. Meyer, of Kansas City, has 
been laid down. Mr. Fred. D. Lawley has designed a 
3Sft. schooner for Air. C. S. Dennison, to be used in 
Buzzard's Bay. 
The following officers have been elected by the Cottage 
Park Y. C. : Com., Russell Gardner; Vice-Com., Lemuel 
C. Moody; Treas., Alfred J. Rogers; Sec'y, Charles C. 
Ehrman; Directors — Henry J. Wright, Wesley A. Gove, 
Herbert L. Drew and William M. McMillan ; Membership 
Committee — Horace A. Magee, W. Harry Williams, 
Timothy A. Atwood, Fred. E. Drew, William P. Morri- 
son, John W. Herbert and William A. Byrne; Regatta 
Committee — Albert B. Freeman, Frederick C. Hight, 
Louis E. Noble, Edwin C. Johnson and Roland Bailey, 
At the annual meeting of the Winthrop Y. C. the fol- 
lowing officers were elected: Com., W. D. Allen; Vice- 
Com., S. C. L. Haskell ; Sec'y, Charles G. Bird ; Treas., 
Edgar H. Whitney; Meas., A. S. Richards; Directors — 
C. A. Heney, C. H. Billings, H. M. Frost and C. A. 
Rouillard; House Committee — J. P. Feehan, C. W. Gray 
and A. S. Richards ; Regatta Committee — W. A. Garratt, 
W. T. Milton, G. J. Buchanan, H. L. Pease and Lewis 
B. McKie; Membership Committee— G. A. Nash, Frank 
Beckler, J. L. Rankin, W. J. Kelley, F. S. Mason, M. 
C. Rogers, Albert Partridge, G. W. Roberts and J. J. 
Devereaux. _ George J. Buchanan was appointed fleet 
captain. This is Charles G. Bird's nineteenth election as 
secretary of the club. 
Wilson & Silsby have orders for suits of sails 
for the following yachts: 2S-footer, Dr. Franklin 
Dexter; 25-footer Babs, E. B. Alford; 21-footer, 
R. E. Greeg; 18- footer Broncho, Charles Este; 30- 
footer Ursula II., Albert Stone; 21-footer, F. T. Catlin; 
21-footer Jack Rabbit, W. H. Bradbury; 25-footer, A. c'. 
Crawford, Nassau, Bahamas; i8-footer, Huntington 
Manufacturing Company; schooner Agatha, W. S. Eaton; 
iceboat, Archibald Rogers; 42ft. schooner, C. E. Gibson; 
35-footer Vayer II., Dr. R. H. Hart, Philadelphia; 8 suits 
for 15-footers, George Lawley; 35ft. yawl, Charles Long- 
§treth, Philadelphia J 30-footer and 15-footer, Burgess & 
Packard ; 21-footer Tartan, A. H. Pirie ; 22-footer, Dr. E. 
W. Galvan; 22-footer, George Lawley; mainsails for R. 
H. Post, Porto Rico, and schooner Hoosier, Edgar Hard- 
ing; No. 2 jib topsail for schooner Chanticleer; George 
W. Weld; spinnaker for Henry H. Palmer, San Diego, 
Cal., and set of awnings for steam yacht Narada, Vice- 
Commodore Henry Walters, New York Y. C. 
^JOHN B. KiLLEEN. 
Kanawha. 
On the 27th of May, 1899, was launched at Morris 
Heights, on the Harlem River, New York city, a steel 
yacht which her sponsor. Miss Duncan, christened 
Kanawha. While much was anticipated in the way of 
speed, Kanawha gave no disappointment to either owner 
or builders, for from the preliminary trials the yacht 
became the talk of the yachting contingent, by reason of 
its fine appearance and great speed. Indeed, one of the 
considerations of the contract when the order was given, 
was that in a run between New York and Sandy Hook 
the yacht was to beat the time of the then famous flyer, 
Monmouth. The race occurred on the 31st of July, which 
resulted in defeat for the Monmouth, and gave to the 
builders a large bonus over the contract price. Some dis- 
cussion as to the fitness of Monmouth's condition fol- 
lowed, in consequence of which a second trial of speed 
was made on September 19, Kanawha covering the dis- 
tance of twenty-three miles in 57m., and again leaving 
the competitor far astern. There were frequent brushes 
during the club cruise that fall, and during the Interna- 
tional Cup races between the yacht and Corsair — Felicia 
Marietta ; in fact, the owner of the latter was reported to 
have challenged for a race, but the contest never came off. 
After the Monmouth contests there was no real test of 
Kanawha's speed against a foe worthy of her steel until 
the summer of 1903, when a race was made between her 
and Mr. W. B. Leeds' Noma for the Lyistrata Cup given 
by Mr. James Gordon Bennett. Kanawha won by a liberal 
margin, and was accorded the well-merited title of Queen 
of the Fleet. 
Last summer Mr. F. M. Smith challenged with his 
fast yacht Hauoli, and the general impression seemed that 
there was danger of Kanawha's colors being brought 
down ; but while the race was close, she still merited her 
title at the first, and by the second race became perma- 
nent owner of the Bennett Cup. 
Kanawha is 227ft. in length over all, 24ft. beam, 
and draws loft. The hull and deck houses are of steel. 
The propelling plant consists of two triple expansion en- 
gines, with cylinders 14, 23^ and 42 by 27-inch 
stroke; four water-tube boilers; has ice and electric 
plants, also one for air cooling. On deck is located dining 
saloon, chart and smoking room, captain's stateroom, 
laundry and butler's pantry; also large music roof aft. 
Below decks aft there are seven staterooms, toilet rooms 
and baths ; also a commodious saloon. The crew's quar- 
ters are forward, and comprise four staterooms for junior 
officers and berthing accommodation for crew of twenty. 
The yacht was built for the late John P. Duncan, Esq., 
but is now owned by Mr. H. H. Rogers. Her cost was 
over a quarter of a million dollars. Mr. Charles L. Sea- 
bury was designed, and the builders the Gas Engine & 
Power Company and Charles L. Seabury & Co., Con- 
solidated. 
Our supplement this week shows Kanawha winning the 
Lysistrata Cup. The picture was taken as she crossed the 
line in the lead of Hauoli. 
Steam Yacht Toinette Sold. — Mr. E. E. Smathers 
has sold his steam yacht Toinette through the agency of 
Henry J. Gielow to Mr. Thomas A. Mclntyre, New York 
Y. C. Toinette is 175ft. over all, 143ft. waterline, 22.2ft. 
beam, 11 ft. draft, and has a compound engine, steam being 
supplied by a Scotch boiler. She was designed by W. C. 
Storey, and built by Ramage & Ferguson, at Leith, Scot- 
land. She has large coal and water-carrying capacity, 
haying been designed for offshore cruising. Her official 
British tonnage is 341 gross, and 159 net. The official 
number is 92,028, and the International Code Signal Let- 
ters are K. C. W. G. Toinette was originally named 
Lady Beatrice, and as such went on her maiden trip to 
Australia. Her second owner was Mr. George Randall, 
connected with Messrs. Armstrong & Co., of Newcastle- 
on-Tyne, England, and he sold her to his brother. Lord 
Randall. During the ownership of these two gentlemen, 
cruises were made up the Baltic Sea to Copenhagen, on 
the Mediterranean and around the British Islands. The 
yacht was then sold to Mr. E. V. Douglas, of Philadel- 
phia, coming to that city from Greenock, Scotland, via 
Queenstown and Fayal. The last part of the trip was 
made in eleven days at a speed of eight knots per hour. 
Mr. Douglas changed the yacht's name to Aroc and 
cruised on her one summer to the head of Lake Superior, 
and the following year to Bar Harbor and other eastern 
ports. He gave her a complete and thorongh overhaul- 
ing, installing an elaborate system of modern plumbing, 
and refurnishing her in a sumptuous manner. There was 
also added the present superstructure, extending about 
one-third of her length amidships, and a forecastle head, 
so that the yacht is to-day one of the roomiest of her size 
afloat._ Mr. Mclntyre, the present owner, is an old and 
experienced yachtsman, having owned among others the 
stern-wheeled houseboat George D. Purdy, the 55ft. 
steam launch Stray, the steam yacht Neaira, and the 
racing sloop Cymbra, and having chartered at one time 
the schooner yacht Brunhilde. 
m m wt 
Race Committee of the Royal St. Lawrence Y. C. — 
At a meeting of the Royal St. Lawrence Y. C, held a 
short time ago, the Race Committee for 1905 was ap- 
pointed. The committee is made up of the following gen- 
tlemen : Charles H. Routh, chairman; F. P. Shearwood, 
Arthur H. Hersey, Charles E. Archbald, Morley Holland, 
George W. Slaughter, A. August Macdonald, J. H. Hun- 
ter, Robert Lucas, George H. H. Eadie, H. Desbarats, 
J. R. W. Papineau, Andrew S. Forman, H. L. Peiler, 
George H. Kent, Thornton Davidson and H. R. Crombie! 
New Inlet to Great South Bay,— -The heavy storm 
that reached its height on January 27 caused such a ter- 
rific sea that it cut a new inlet between Great South Bay 
and the ocean. The new waterway lies just to the westf 
ward of the Hemlock Hfe-saving station. 
