March 4, 1905,] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
179 
A Mid-Wmtet Fish Stofy. 
This is a true story. It concerns fishes and those 
who catch them; and it teaches the moral that he who 
believes that a fish is dead simply because it is frozen 
is sometimes mistaken as to the facts. The Lakeview 
club had a gathering at North Hadley one afternoon 
this week, and one of those who went out to enjoy the 
fun and partake of the fish dinner, which was served at 
the club house, was Howard C. French. He had a 
good time along with the rest of the guests and ex- 
perienced nothing unusual. As the afternoon wore on 
he bethought himself of the children at home and 
concluded that they would derive instruction and amuse- 
ment from the examination of a real fish. So he went 
out to the pile of fish, which had been caught by the 
clubmen and selected a fine frozen specimen, weighing 
about six pounds. This he wrapped in a piece of paper 
and placed in the pocket of his overcoat. He returned 
to his home in the- evening, bearing with him the fish, 
entered the house and hung ur> the coat in a warm 
corner. He did not think of the fish until later' in the 
evening . and then went to the coat to take out his 
frozen creature. In place of a frozen fish he drew 
forth a live one. It was the same one which was 
frozen as .stifT as a board earlier in the day. It was now 
in so fair a way toward complete resuscitation that it 
was thrown into a basin and the water was turned on it. 
The next morning the fish was swimming about ad 
libitum. A live fish is very murh tn he preferred to a 
frozen one. — Northampton Gazette (Mass.), 
he Menml 
Early Salmon Fishmg* 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
Salmon fishing in the rivers of the eastern coast of 
Nova Scotia is now well under way, a number of fine fish 
already having been taken. The first day of February 
ushered in the sport when a beauty, fresh run from the 
sea, was taken with the fly in Port Medway River; the 
fish weighed 18 pounds, and the Indian who captured it 
was offered a dollar a pound for it on the spot. 
Although there is still much ice and snow, the salmon 
return to the stream as early as they did of yore when 
the winters were much milder than they have been in 
recent years. Edward A. Samuels. 
Pointer CI«b of America. 
The annual meeting of the Pointer Club of America 
was held on February 13 at Madison Square Garden, New 
York. There was a large attendance of members. In the 
absence of the president and vice-president, Mr. G. Muss 
Arnolt was chosen to preside. The minutes of the meet- 
ings held at Barber, N. €., during the field trials were 
read and accepted. 
It was resolved that competition hereafter for the 
medals of the club at dog shows which may be donated 
shall be open to all ; when two medals are offered for the 
best pointer dog and best pointer bitch, also when a field 
trial class is open, a medal shall be donated to the dog 
that has been placed. The Rochester and Buffalo Kennel 
Clubs and the Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto, 
were each donated two medals, viz., one for the best 
pointer dog and one for the best pointer bitch. It was 
resolved that the thirty days' probationary clause of arti- 
cles 6 and 7 of the by-laws relating to candidates for 
inembership, shall be annulled, and that those nominated 
for membership at any regular meeting when properly 
vouched for shall be eligible for election. The following 
vere pif-cted to membership : Messrs. Walter H. Hanley, 
G, L. Chapman, Joseph M, Cooper, F. S. Battershall. '1 he 
election ot omcers for the ensuing year resulted as fol- 
lows: President, R. A. Fairbairn; Vice-President, Dr. 
James S. Howe; Secretary-Treasurer, C. F Lewis; Board 
of Governors — George S. Mott. George S. Raynor, G. 
Muss Arnolt, C. P. Wilcox, W. C. Root. Dr. A. Y. Ter- 
rell, E. W. Throckmorton, L. Victor Fromont; Delegate 
to A. K. C, A. H. Ball. . C. F. Lewis, Secretary. 
Chester Valley. Berwyn. Pa.. R. Penn Smith. 
Chevy Chase, Chevy Chase, Md., Clarence Moore. 
Deep Run. Richmond, Va.. H. C. Beattie. 
Elkridge. Woodbrook, f-^d., Edward A. Jackson. .. 
Es^ex Hunt, Gladstone N. J., Charles Pfizer. 
Grafton Htint, Grafton. Ma.'^s., Harry W. Smith. 
Green Spring Valley, Garrison, Md., Redmond C. 
Stewart. 
Harkaway. McDonald. 1*3.. F. M. Lowrey, 
Keswick. Keswick, Va [uli;m Morris. 
Lima. Lima. Pa.. Charl- s A. Dohan. 
Loudoun, Leesburg, V:;.. D. B. Tennant. 
Meadow Brook. Wes!h-ry. N. Y., P. F. Collier. 
Middlesex. South Lii^L ,j;n, Mass., A. Henry Higginson. 
Mr. Hitchcock's Hounds, Aiken, S. C, T. Hitchcock, 
Jr. 
Mr. Maddux's Hounds. Leeton Hill. Va., J. K. Maddux. 
Myopia, Wen ham Depot, Mass., George S. Mandell. 
Norfolk, Medfield. Mass., Henry G. Vaughn. 
Oranee County. Goshen, N. Y., and Farquier county, 
Va.. John R. Townsend. 
Patapsco, Eikridge. Md.. Dorsey M. Williams. 
Piedmont, Upperville. Va., R. Hunter Dnlany. 
Pine Hill. Front Royal. Va.. James D. Hnll, Jr. 
Radnor. Bryn Mawr., Pa.. John R. Valentine. 
Rose Tree. Media. Pa.. Fdwnrd Morrell. 
Unland, Upbnd. Pa.. Edward Crozer. 
W^rrerton. Wai-renton. Va.. W. D. Benner. 
V^est Chester West Chester. Pa., Tnhn Jav Gheen. 
Wf"=<che=^er. White Plain.*?. N. Y.. Eneene S. Revna'l. 
White Marsh, Erdenheim, Pa., Welsh Strawbridge. 
Points and Flwshes* 
Hunt CIttbs» 
Following is a list of the registered hunt clubs and 
the masters: 
Blue Ridge, Millwood, Va.. Edward G. Butler. 
Berkshire, Lenox. Mass.. Clinton G. Gilmore. 
pr-inrlvwi-ro Wp'*- Chf^^pv. r'a.. CVinrl'^s E. ATatlipr. 
Cameron Run, Alexandria, Va., Courilandt H. Smith, 
The Waterloo C"p. England'.? greatest coursing event, 
was won hy W. H. Pawson's Pistol IT. at (he A hear 
course. Febnmry 17 The runner-up was Mr. L. Pilking- 
ton's Prince Plausible. 
Al! communications for Foeest and Stream must he 
directed to Forest avd Strrim Pub. Co., New York, to 
receive attention. We havt »■> other office. 
Marine Gasolene Engines. 
I BY A. E. POTTER. 
{Continued from page 16t.) 
Gasolene engine cylinders must be carefully designed 
in order to get anything like highest efficiency, to say 
naught of long life to the engine. There is an intimate 
relation between the cylinder, piston, coimecting rod, 
crank shaft and rings that makes each separate part 
responsible, as a defect in any one is a defect in the en- 
gine as a whole. Two-stroke cylinders, differing as tiiey 
do from four-stroke construction, will be treated fii-t. 
and such additional points as have not been mentioi:cd 
will receive attention later. 
To design a two-stroke engine cylinder, having decided 
on the diameter and length of the stroke, the amount of 
compression desired should next be decided. In two- 
stroke engines this is usually less than in four-stroke, 
and if this is the first engine to be designed, an excellent 
plan is to start with a compression of say 45 pounds 
gauge. It is rarely that a higher pressure than this is 
available in two-stroke engines. This first cylinder should 
be -designed with a removable head, for should it be de- 
sirable to change the compression by increasing or de- 
creasing the clearance, it is much more economical to 
make new heads than new pistons. If the upper part of 
the cylinder, the combustion cylinder, is of a cylindrical 
section, it is much more easily figured than if the upper 
part is spherical or a section of a sphere. The rule for 
figuring the clearance and resulting theoretical compres- 
sion is a simple mechanical one, and while in actual prac- 
tice it iTiay vary somewhat from the results, these varia- 
tions will be explained later. 
The piston displacement, which is often mentioned in 
gasolene engine articles, is the amount of space displaced 
in the cylinder while the piston is traveling from the 
lower to the upper center. For instance, if an engine is 
5in. diameter and sin. stroke, the displacement would be 
■the area of the top of the piston multiplied by the stroke, 
or more properly, the area of a sin. circle, which is found 
by multiplying the square of the diameter by .7854 and 
that by the length in inches, 
5 X S x .7854 X s = 98.175 cu. in. _ 
The displacement now being 98.175 cu. in., if the clear- 
ance or the number of cubic inches between the top of the 
piston and the cylinder head when on the pis. on is on the 
upper center is equal to the displacement, theoretically the 
compression would be two atmospheres, approximately 
14.7 pounds per square inch, above the atmosphere, as 
registered by a pressure gauge, or 29.4 pounds absolute, 
\yhich is known as two atmospheres, properly the volume 
of two atniosplieres compressed into the space of one. 
If the clearance is one-half the displacement or but 
49.8 -i- cu. in., the compression would be four atmospheres 
instead of two, 441 pounds gauge, or s8.8 absolute. _ 
If it is desired to increase the compression, it can 
readily be accomplished by reducing the clearance, and, 
vice-versa, reduce the clearance to increase the compres- 
sion. If you desire at any time to find the theoretical 
clearance in your engine, a very simple means may be 
employed, provided the surface is irregular. Put the pis- 
ton on the upper center; take a i6-ounce graduate of 
Ikerostw PT other thin mineral oil, and fill the cylinder up 
through the place where the insulated electrode or relief- 
cock screws into the head, and carefully measure the 
amount of oil it takes. A gallon contains 231 cu. in. ;, 
sixteen ounces is one pint, or 1-16 of 231 cu. in. Then, 
knowing the displacement of the piston from the diameter 
and stroke, you can easily figure the compression. There 
is one allowance, however, which should be made in figur- 
ing the displacement of a two-stroke engine. As the pis- 
ton has to ascend some distance before compression be- 
gins, or until the exhaust port in the cylinder is closed, 
the corrected displacement is found by mul.iplying the 
area of the circle by the corrected stroke, found by de- 
ducting the distance from the top of the piston when on 
the lower center to the top of the exhaust port, from the 
stroke of the engine. By using this corrected displace- 
ment the fractional or true compression can be found in 
ihe same manner as the theoretical compression. 
Clearance having been decided upon, the next and most 
important step is in the location of the inlet and exhaust 
ports. 
No empirical rules can be inade or followed in their 
location, length or width, as these all depend on the 
amount of back pressure in llie e.xhaust passages and 
mufBer, the speed of the engine, amount of compression 
iii the crank space, and several other important points, 
'i'oo early opening exhaust ports may cause large loss of 
power and inordinate consumption of fuel, while insufii- 
cient fize cr too late opening may cause loss of power by 
not allowing the produces of combustion or the burned 
gases to escape. If there is but little pressure on the gas 
in the crank case, there will be insufficient power, and the 
ports must be opened earlier. In the length of the ports 
there can be no mistake made, .provided they are made 
as long as possible and not permit ends of the rings to 
catch in the ports. Bars or partitions in the port open- 
ings will effectually prevent this. In some cases they are 
Sft diagonally and in others perpendicularly to the axis 
of the shaft. If the engin.e is one that takes its gas 
through the head instead of a port just below the ex- 
haust port, there should be a series of exhaust ports ex- 
tending the entire circumference of the cylinder, if best 
results are to be obtained. An excellent object obtained 
by this construction is heating the cylinder by the passing 
out of tlie exhaust gases on. all sides of the cylinder, with 
less liability of warping. or destroying its inner surface. 
The fast running engine needs an earlier opening ex- 
haust port than a mediutn or slow speed. If j'ou are sure 
that your exhaust port is sufficiently wide, when you 
coine to test it for power and consumption of fuel, it can 
readily be determined whether the ports are opened too 
early or too late hy finding at wliat speed the engine de- 
velops the most povv-er. This will be treated fully when 
we reach the subject of testing. 
The point of exhaust opening is a very fine one, and 
depends also upon the length of the connec'ing rod. The 
longer the rod. in pr.ouortion to the stroke, the earlier the 
port should open, and the shorter the proportional length 
the later. Jf you will lav out out on a draughting board a 
sin. circle, loin. connecting rod and note the various posi- 
tions of the lower end or the center of the crank pin when 
the pistoh'has traveled dov\m 4 inches and each 14 in. .up 
to its luir stroke, you wiJT note that a difference of i-i6in., 
or >-^in. in the- ume of opening the exhaust port will 
make a svps,t Hifference in the proportion.s of the time in 
the half circle described by the piston on the down or 
power stroke. If the length of the piston rod is in- 
creased to iiin., 2 1-5 times the stroke, you will notice 
quite a change in conditions. 
[to be continued.] 
American Power Boat Association. — At the annual 
meeting of the A. P. B. A., held Monday night. Feb. 27, 
the following officers were elected: President, J. Howard 
Wainwright, American Y. C..;.Sec'y. Anson B. Cole, 
Manhasset Y. C. ; Treas., F. A. Hill, Norwalk Y. C. ; 
Meas., H. J. Gielow, Atlantic Y. C. The Executive Com- 
mittee consists of Harold Brown, Swampscott Y. C. ; J. 
H. Mcintosh, Columbia Y. C ; Alfred Costello, Frontenae 
Y'. C. ; Geo. P. Cranberry, New Rochelle, Y. C. 
President J, Howard Wainwright appointed a commit- 
tee to arrange for a cruise for power boats to the St. 
Lawrence to attend the gold challenge cup races. Start 
will be from Albany, August 19. to Oswego, and crcssing 
Lake Ontario the route will lead to Chippewa Bay. On 
the return the itinerary is St. Lawrence. Ritchelieu River, 
Lake Champlain, Champlain Canal to the Hudson River. 
The cruise will probably occupy in the neighborhood of 
two weeks. 
A week's power boat racing will follow the challenge 
cup contests, under the auspices of the Frontenae Y. C. 
Memorial Day, May 30, was decided upon for Man- 
hasset Bay Y. C. power boat races. 
The only proposed change in the rules was in that in 
determining the horsepower of two-stroke engines, substi- 
tuting 850 as a constant instead of 750. The matter was 
left to the executive committee for later consideration 
and decision. The Association consists of thirtv-nine 
clubs in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut,' New 
York. New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Nominating. Com- 
mittee was L. F. Jackson, C. P. Tower and Edw. J. Mac- 
Lellan. 
4? ^ 
Boston Automobile and Power Boat Show —This 
show will be held in Mechanics' Hall, Boston, March 11 
to 18, inclusive. Of the 83,000 square feet of exhibition 
space, 3S.OOO square feet was reserved for power boats and 
engmes. The automobile space was all taken several 
weeks ago, and but less than 500 feet remain of tlint re- 
served for power boats. Nearly all the exhibitors at the 
New York show will be represented. Geo. Lawley & Son 
the noted shipbuilders, will have a 64ft. mahogany cabiii 
launch on exhibition. Everything points to a laro-e 
attendance. 
n n H 
Steam Yacht Building at Port Jefferson.— The 
steam yacht designed by Messrs. A. Gary Smith & Ferris 
for Captain A. B. Benjamin, is now nearing cotnpletion 
at Bayles' yard. Port Jefferson. She is 90ft. lon<y 17ft 
7in. breadth and 5ft. draft. °' ' 
Vi n *(, 
Sayona Changed into an Auxiliat^y.— The yawl 
Sayona,. ex-Tztaccihuatl. owned by Mr.. Frank C, Swan 
IS being fitted with a 15 horsepower Craig engine. - The 
propeller will be a two-bladed one of the feathering type 
The work on Sayona is being done under the direction of 
Messrso A. Gary Smith & Ferris. 
