March ii, 1905.] 
197 
ing that the owners of all nets and seines shall destroy 
all garpikes taken. 
Fifth---Fish protectors to be well paid only for 
actual time arid service put iti. It is an outrage on the 
people to appoint M inconipetettt fish protector and 
pay him a good salary for siniply bearing the ilartle. 
Perhaps the above changes in the game ISws 1 sug- 
gest may seem too radical, but in Lake Champlain we 
are confronted by desperate conditions, which only 
radical measures can meet. Stocking Lake Champlain 
with young fish is useless, under the present conditions, 
so is the eight-inch law for bass. In fact, there are 
.sjcarcely any small bass remaining to protect. 
Bainbridge Bishop. 
Nsw Russia, N Y. 
Fish md Fishiilg* 
I HAD hoped to have remained silent as fegjfrds the re- 
cent attempts of The Old Angler to entice me ffonl my 
modest retirement to re-enter the field of personal debate, 
more especially as the work of satisfactorily replying to 
his iriistaken attacks upon certain of my statements was 
beiiiM so admirably doile by others, notably by Mr. Jasper 
J. i)aly; managing difegtof of Plgasarlt Lake Club, to 
whom i hei*e eitfreSs rii^ thaiiks ibf his public proof of 
, the correctness of my referelice to. the; salmoil of that 
body of water, and of the errors into whidh The. Old 
Angler had fahen in connection therewith. But the latter 
is too old and too experienced a fly-tier and fly-caster 
not to be able to discover some gay deceit that will suc- 
ceed in raising an obstinate fish; and the pertinacity with 
which he returns to the attempt to convict me of scientific 
error in my writings upon the sea trout, seems at last to 
classification of fishes— and I assert without fear of suc- 
cessful contradiction that no more competent ones exist 
than Gunther, Carman, the late Dr. G. Brown Goode, and 
Doctors Jordan and Evermann — that the species is Salve- 
linus fontinalis, or the brook trout ; of which, as stated by 
Jordan and Evermann, "many local varieties occur, dis- 
tinguished by shades of color." Personally, I prefer the 
use of the word "type" to "variety" in speaking of these 
difterehc'es of coloring, though this is all a matter of per- 
sonal preferettde;, for "variety" has come to be regarded 
by many scientists as inapplicable to a form differing from 
the typical individuals of a spedes that are not capable of 
being perpetuated through two or more generations, while 
"type" is equally applicable to an individual, a species, a 
genus, a sub-family or a family. It was in illustration of 
this idea of the word "type," as standing for the picture or 
representation of distinct individuality that I referred in 
Forest and Stream of the 24th of December last, to the 
mmy distinct types of fish to be found in the same trout 
strgjiffi of pond, adding "I know more than one spot in a 
small trout stream, and have no doubt that almost every 
one of ray readers can think of just such another vantage 
ground, tthere it is quite possible to stand and catch two 
distinct types of Sdlvelinus fontinatis. On the one side 
is a rapid, running ovef bright golden sand§, where the 
fish are as brilliant as coin fresfi from the mint. On the 
other is deep, still water, under the shadow of an over- 
hanging tree, containing fish so_ much darker in their 
markings and tints that the uninitiated would be apt to de- 
clare theffl a distinct variety from the first. When the 
differences are so marked as this in the external appear- 
ances of fish inhabiting the same water, it is surely not to 
be wondered at that, as Mr. Hallock points out, the 
marine and fluvial trout, though identical in both species 
and variety, should constitute two distinct types." 
THE sportsman's SHOW, MADISON SQUARE GARDEN. 
Showing the elevated tank for the fly-casting Competition. 
' Call for a repetition of what I have already said upon the 
subject, lest frequent iteration on his part should lead to 
misapprehension upon that of others. 
The closing paragraph of his letter in your issue of the 
•iSth of February is nothing at all if not an attempt to 
. ..rnake it appear that as a result of the recent discussion in 
'-.Forest and Stream I have been led to renounce certain 
. ichthyological errors which he would insinuate that I 
! had previously advanced in this column. As well might 
I have expressed gratification that both Mr. Hallock and 
.-The Old Angler "are now agreed that when Salmo fon- 
■> Unalis is caught in salt water he is a sea trout, but when 
lak^n . in fresh water he is a brook trout, which has been 
; iin . along the contention of" the undersigned; for The 
: .-Old -Angler knows that many years ago I wrote to this 
■• effect-'of the fish in a book of which I sent him a copy at 
.-the. request of a mutual friend. Furthermore, no intelli- 
gent reader of my contribution to this paper of the 24th 
- of '.December last could fail to understand that'the marine 
• and fluvial trout, as Mr. Hallock describes them, and with 
quite as much justification as The Old Angler calls them 
sea and brook trout, are "identical in both species and 
variety." And I added, further, "Differences in coloring, as 
we all know, cannot constitute distinct varieties, and the 
sea and river trout are identical, not only in bone 
structure, but also in fin rays, in the number of pyloric 
appendages and in the arrangement of teeth upon the 
vomer, which are all taken into consideration by scientists 
in their study of what is known as comparative zoology." 
All this had been written before any discussion of my 
original contribution on the subject had come to my 
notice at all. And nearly a month earlier I had made it 
clear that the so-called sea trout was simply a sea-run 
trout, since I showed that it was born in fresh water and 
a-eturned there to spawn. The article in which this was 
. plainly stated apepared in this column on the 19th of 
.November last. 
While his letter is before me, I must take exception to 
;the statement of The Old Angler that "Authorities com- 
petent to give an opinion now agree that the species is 
Salmo fontinalis, and the variety brook trout." As a 
matter cf fact they do nothing of the kind, though in 
former times there were those who imdoubtedly did so. 
No-vvnHnv<= it ic ngrpfd bv the Ycrv best authoritie'' nn ihe 
The Old Angler, or anyone else, is welcome to all the 
comfort he can extract out of his ridicule of this conten- 
tion. It suits my purpose to retain the form of expres- 
sion I have already employed, and I shall continue to do 
so, though I have no more inclination to force it upon 
others than I have to permit others to force their forms 
upon me. 
There is, of course, neither argument nor proof in the 
allegation of the "crass ignorance" of such keen and 
observant sportsmen as J. U. Gregory, of Quebec, and 
John Manuel, of Ottawa, and of the "errors of description 
and classification," the "ignorance," etc., of such widely 
recognized authorities as the late M. H. Perley, Frank 
Forrester, Charles Hallock, Thad. Norris and others ; and 
wide, indeed, is the gulf that separates such garrulousness 
from the calm, dignified, scientific and judicial spirit 
wiich enabled Darwin, in his "Origin of Species," to say 
of this question of varietal and individual differences, 
. "Certainly no clear line of demarkation has as yet been 
drawnibetween species and subspecies-; that is, -the forms 
which, in the opinions of some naturalists, come very near 
to, but do not quite arrive at, the rank of species ; or, 
again, between subspecies and well-marked varieties, or 
between lesser varieties ajid individual dift'erences. These 
differences blend into each other by an insensible series ; 
and a series impresses the mind with the idea of an 
actual passage." 
It is unfortunate for those of us who only desire a calm 
and dispassionate discussion of the differences to which 
Darwin refers, that The Old Angler should so facetiously 
demand, "how far up river does the marine trout change 
into the fluvial trout, or how far down river does the 
fluvial type change into the marine type?" Premising 
cnce for all, since I have already many times repeated 
the statement, that the marine and fluvial trout are one 
and the "same fish — ^varietally and structurally— 'differing 
only in coloring and the other conditions resulting from 
the anadromy of the one and the non-anadromy of the 
other, which differences Mr. Hallock and myself have 
elected to describe, for reasons of convenience and per- 
spicuity, as individual types, my questioner is informed 
that these two types are frequently found together, as any 
angler who has taken them in the estuaries of the rivers 
on the north shore of the Gulf of St, Lawrence, a-s T ha-ve- 
done for so many years past, will readily testify. The 
residents of that coast, as almost every salmon fisherman 
visiting those streams well knows, give the name truite- 
de-nier or sea trout, to the river type, when found in the 
estuaries with the silver-armored prodigal from the sea, 
which latter they nickname truite saumonee, or salmon 
trout, because of its resemblance in color to the salmon. 
If The Old Angler were familiar with the habits of the 
trout of these northern streams, he would know that 
while the typical river fish are frequently found with the 
others as far down stream as the estuaries, the marine 
type ascends the river to spawn, often above the spawning 
grounds of the salmon, of which it is one of the most 
ravenous despoilers. 
My friendly disputant's assurance that it was without 
the least wish to misrepresent that he jumped to the con- 
clusion, from my original contribution on the subject, that 
I was, previous to last summer, a stranger to the sea 
trout, is gladly accepted, thouch I entirely fail to follow 
the process of reasoning by which he was led up to that 
conclusion. However, this is purely a personal matter, 
after all, to which I only now refer for the purpose of 
mentioning my acceptance of his explanation, and possi- 
bly I was not quite as explicit as I might have been when 
I made the statement which caused his misapprehension. 
E. T. D. Chambers. 
In California "Watets. 
-Sacramento, Gal., March i. — Striped bass are now be- 
ing caught in the San Francisco Bay off the Tiburon 
shore by anglers. The salmon recently put in an ap- 
pearance, and for some weeks to come the fishermen 
who take pleasure in trolling from boats look forward 
to the enjoyment which comes from the hooking and 
playing of large game fish. The striped bass have 
not as yet shown themselves in anything like satisfac- 
tory numbers, but the few that are in evidence go 
to prove that the big run is not far off, and that fishing 
in the straits will afford anglers a fine measure of 
sport during the present month. 
"Pop" Carroll, who is fond of salt-water angling for 
big fish, succeeded in landing two large salmon and 
one striped bass last Tuesday. The largest of the 
salmon taken put up a game fight, and proved to be a 
beautiful prize. Not until the capture of striped bass 
by a system of trolling from boats was attempted, had 
anglers the remotest idea, that the salmon, while on its 
journey from salt water to fresh water, would pay at- 
tention to a spoon trolled in any part of the bay. 
Several fine salmon were taken last year during 
March and April, which is evidence that local anglers 
could have enjoyed many days of grand sport in past 
years, if only aware that salmon could be taken by 
means of spoon-spinning. 
Several boats were engaged for last Sunday, and 
many of the occupants who trolled along Tiburon's 
shores enjoyed the pleasure of hooking some of the 
large fish that were waiting to be caught in the straits. 
Now that the water in San Antonio Slough is in goqd 
condition for fishing, some members of the California 
Anglers' Club will prospect for bass with spoon and 
clam. 
Fishing in Lake Merritt remains poor, and the out- 
look for anything like favorable sport on the placid 
sheet of water will not be good, as long as the pile- 
drivers are at work on the logs anchored near, the old 
fishing grounds. 
Fish spearing on the Paper Mill and Lagunitas creeks 
continues without interruption from game wardens and 
fish officials. J. D. C. 
'h^ Mmnel 
A Tf«c 'Dog Story. 
John Chase, a stage driver, 6n the mail line from 
Saratoga- to Dillon, is the owner of a remarkably bright 
shepherd dog, which money would not buy, for he 
helped his master out of a very difficult matter and 
probably saved the lives of four horses. 
Mr. Chase was on the road to Dillon, with a four- 
horse sled-load of mail, last week, and reaching a point 
near what is known as "Snow-slide hill," when his 
horses got off the road and all four of them got down 
in the snow. Chase worked for hours, trying to get 
them on their feet again, but in vain. After most 
heroic efforts, all four of the horses remained "belly-up." 
It was growing toward night and the weather was sharp. 
Chase was desperate. He saw that all his efforts to 
get the horses up were in vain. 
Joseph Farrell and two or three other men occupied 
a cabin about a mile back on the road. Having this in 
. inind he^turned to the dog, who was an interested,' but 
helpless spectator, and- said: "Go down to the cabin 
and tell those, men to come up and help ine." He had 
no thought that the dog would understand, but it seems 
that the dog did, for he at once started down the trail 
on a run. Chase has often said that the dog knew 
all he said to it, but all his stories of the dog's in- 
telligence were taken with a grain of allowance, his 
hearers knowing how much Chase valued the canine. 
It was not very long, however, before the men, armed 
with shovels made their appearance, accompanied by 
the dog, which seemed to be leading the way. They 
said the dog had come and scratched at the door, and 
had shown so much anxiety for them to follow him, 
running off up the road, barking and whining, that they 
felt that its master must be in trouble. So they bundled 
themselves, procured shovels and determined to find 
out. if possible just what was the matter. 
With the help of the men the horses were gotten on to 
their feet once more. There was hay in the sled, but as 
it was still on the trail, it was too high for the horses 
to reach it. So the snow was shoveled away to let it 
down to a point where the horses could feed with com- 
fort, and the outfit left for the night. Chase and the 
men returning to the cabin for the night. 
The next morning Chase was able to get the team: 
on to the road once more and finished his journey 
without further mishap. Chase says that money could 
not buy that dog, and he never makes a trip over that 
road withotit the dog along.— Saratoga (Wyo.) Sun. 
