2iS 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
|Ma«ch i8, 1905. 
period; while the helpless fry and alevin fall a ready prey 
to the same fishes in the upper waters and the young sal- 
mon have to run the long; gauntlet of the rivers only to 
meet new foes in the estuaries, on the coast, and in the 
open sea. . ■ / 
It is, therefore, no wonder: that artificial propagation on 
a large scale is imperatively demanded in the western 
salmon streams, and is actively urged and highly com- 
mended by fishermen, canners, business men, and the 
public at large. The beneficial influence of the work of 
the Government, supplemented by that of the three coast 
States, has been unmistakable in some sections, and can- 
not be doubted in general; but it has. not often been pos- 
sible to distinguish definitely the increase due to natural 
from that due to artificial propagation ; recently, however, 
some striking evidence of tlie benefits arising from the 
hatchery operations has come from the experimental 
marking of young salmon before liberation. Thus, a lot 
of 5,000 fingerlings incubated at the Clackamas (Oregon) 
station in 1896 were released after being marked in such 
a way that they could be recognized if again caught. In 
1898 375 of these marked fish, averaging 27 pounds, were 
caught ill the Columbia and S in the Sacramento, and in 
the two following seasons probably 70 more were taken, 
the aggregate weight of the salmon known to have been 
recaptured being not less than 10,000 pounds. 
The outcome of this experiment is of extraordinary 
significance. It means that for every thousand fingerling 
salmon hatched and liberated by the Fish Commission on 
the Columbia, 2,000 pounds of adult fish were caught for 
market two, three and four years later. Let us reduce 
this to a financial basis and see what a striking exhibit 
is made : The total expense to the Government of hatch- 
ing and planting salmon is under $1 per thousand fish of 
the size in question; the value of the resulting salmon 
caught by the fisherman is, at a very reasonable estimate, 
5 cents per pound, or $100 for the 2,000 pounds actually 
taken. It is not claimed or expected that such extraordinary 
results are regularly attained, but, if the average outcome 
is only one-tenth as large as shown by these figures, then 
the salmon work of the Commission is yielding an actual 
money return of i.ooo per cent, per annum. 
Man's possible influence on the fishes of the ooen sea 
is problematical, but there is no doubt of the effects of 
human intervention on the abundance of fishes and other 
animals which regularly frequent the bays and coastal 
waters, more especially the bottom-living species like the 
cod, the flounders, and the lobster, which are hatched in 
large numbers at the marine establishments of the Cora- 
mission. The utility of fishculture as applied to the cod 
is scouted by some people in the United States and 
abroad; singularly enough, however, some of these same 
people are willing to admit injury done by overfishing 
or indiscriminate fishing. 
In taking up the culture of the cod many years ago, and 
in continuing it to the present time, the Fish Commission 
has proceeded on the principle that the effects of man's 
improvidence may be counteracted by the application of 
man's ingenuity and power in aiding nature. The ultimate 
success of cod culture on the Atlantic coast was therefore 
confidently expected, and the expectations have been more 
than realized. Practical results of an unmistakable char- 
acter were first manifested in 1889, since which time a 
very lucrative shore cod fishery has been kept up on 
grounds that were entirely depleted or that had never 
contained cod in noteworthy numbers in the memory of 
the oldest inhabitants. There is much unsolicited testi- 
mony on this point from many people who have profited 
from the past twelve or fifteen years' operations sit 
Gloucester and Woods Hole stations. The benefits have 
not been confined to the immediate vicinity of the 
hatcheries, but have extended westward and southward 
along the Middle Atlantic coast and eastward along the 
whole coast of Maine. 
A very important line of practical work conducted by 
the Commission is the transplanting of aquatic food ani- 
mals into waters to which they were not indigenous. This 
work is addressed not only to lake, pond and stream 
fishes like the basses and trouts, but also to the sea-going 
species like the salmon, shad and striped bass. Examples 
of the results of such efforts have been published in the 
annual reports from year to year, and some further data 
will appear elsewhere in the current report; but attention 
is particularly drawn to two of the most successful in- 
stances of acclimatization of native fishes. About thirty 
years ago the shad and the striped bass of the Atlantic 
Coast were introduced on the Pacific Coast; the slender 
colonies _ became established, flourished, extended them- 
selves widely, and multiplied to such an extent that these 
two species now rank among the leading food fishes of 
the Pacific States, and in certain localities exist perhaps 
in greater abundance than in any waters on the Atlantic 
Coast. The economic results of what was at first only an 
experiment may be thus stated: 
Total cost of planting shad and striped bass on 
Pacific Coast, under $5,ooo 
Average annual catch of these fish at present 
time, pounds 2,.i;oo,ooo 
Yearly market value of the catch. ............. $100,000 
Aggregate catch to' end of 1902, pounds.... 18,900,000 
Total value of the catch to end of 1902... $670,000 
The figures to 1905 follow: 
Total cost of planting shad and striped bass on 
Pacific Coast, under $5,000 
Average annual catch of these fish at present 
time, pounds . 4,000,000 
Yearly market value of the catch $165,000 
Aggregate catch to end of 1904, pounds 26,400,000 
Total value of the catch to the end of 1904 $955,000 
Stfiped Bass on the Pacific Slope. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In the exceedingly interesting and valuable contribu- 
tion to the 4th of March number of Forest and Stream. 
entitled "Striped Bass of the Pacific Coast," the writer 
(J. D. C.) who is entitled to the thanks of the angling 
community_ for his article has made a little slip of the 
pen in stating that striped bass were "brought from the 
East and placed in these waters half a score of years ago." 
In point of fact, striped bass were brought from the 
East and placed in the waters of the Pacific in 1879. I" 
the summer of that year Mr. Livingston Stone left New 
England with several Atlantic varieties of fish for the 
Pacific Coast, among which were some striped basa, num- 
bering, as nearly as I can remember, 135 small bass 
(probably two-year-olds) and 35 large ones. These were 
deposited in good order in brackish inlets of the lower 
Sacramento. 
Some years after a later shipment of striped bass was 
made to the Pacific, but by that time the bass, that were 
planted in 1879 had become firmly established on the 
Pacific Slope and were spreading rapidly. 
Myron Green. 
The [Motorboat and Sportsman^s 
Show. 
In our last three issues we have mentioned many of the 
exhibitors at the Motorboat and Sportsman's Show, held 
at Madi son Square Garden. Tlie following firms in- 
clude all those exhibitors who have not been commented 
on before. 
The Brown-Cochran Co., Lorain, Ohio, exhibited 
the Lacey engines in both two and four-stroke. The 
3 horsepower was running for demonstration with pro- 
pell er connected in a tank of water, while the 20-30 
horsepower was running with no load. The width 
of the bed was unusual and, together with the counter- 
balanced flywheel, tended very much to reduce exces- 
sive vibration. It was not even necessary to fasten 
the engines to the floor. The assembling of the valve 
complete, including the seat itself, makes it extremely 
easy and convenient for removal in case of necessity. 
All parts being under the eye of the operator makes 
it an accessible engine. 
The exhibit of the Lamb Boat and Engine Co., 
Clinton, la., showed a better assortment of sizes to 
suit the customer than any other. In two cylinders 
they had 10 and 18 horsepower; in three cylinders, 15 
and 27, and_ in four cylinders, 30 and 36. Seamless 
brass water jackets were an innovation. Water jacket- 
ing of all valves was noted. Multiple feed pressure 
lubricator and especially large reversing mechanism, 
five piston rings to each piston, and modern jump spark 
were other features. The thrust bearing is of the 
familiar regulation steam type. 
Fairbanks Company, of New York, exhibited more 
engines of their own make and those of the Smalley 
Gas Engine Company, Bay City, Mich., than any other 
exhibitor. The number of inquiries and the interest 
shown in this exhibit was remarkable, it being not an 
unusual thing for several hundred inquiries or requests 
for catalogues to be recorded during a day and evening. 
They showed several sizes in one, two, three and four 
cylinders. The engines up to 12 horsepower use either 
feathering blade wheels or solid connected propeller, 
Avhile engines of 12 horsepower and over use the Smalley 
reverse as standard equipment. In stationary engines 
they showed a 4 horsepower stationary, demonstrating a 
new type of ignition, which operated very regularly 
and with excellent results. The horsepower pump- 
ing engine made a very compact outfit and especially 
adapted for country places or in the city, as it can be 
operated on either gas or gasolene. 
The 70-80 horsepower model B giant engine of E, 
H. Godshalk & Co., was of extreme interest, it being 
the . only eight cylinder engine ever built of the 
two-stroke type. Nada was exhibited with the 
trophies she won the past season in various compe- 
titions. She was undoubtedly the fastest boat of her 
rating last season. A 15 horsepower giant motor was 
installed in a 20ft. mahogany yacht tender on the lagoon 
and was of especial interest. It was built by the 
Williams-Whittelsey Co., of Astoria, L. I., and shows 
some very fine lines, and a pariicularly fine arrangement 
of the interior, convenient and of more than usual care 
in design. 
Carlson Motor Vdiide Co,y of Hartford; ConiL gx- 
hibited the only double opposed four-stroke en- 
gines in this show. The crank case was of aluminum 
with brass plates covering the tops and bottoms of 
water jackets. Cam adjustments were decidedly novel 
and of especial utility, in order to correct usual un- 
certainty in key-seating, which has been so often men- 
tioned in gasolene engines and automobile journals. 
Trebert Auto & Marine Engine Co., Rochester, N. 
Y.,_ exhibited their 34 horsepower 340-pound four 
clyinder, four-stroke, high-speed engine, with planetary 
reverse, jump-spark and mechanically-operated valve 
engine. A rectangular brass water-jacket, similar to 
but one other shown at the Garden, was noticed. 
Brass is used in fresh water, but on account of electro- 
lytical action it is never used in salt water, nickel steel 
being substituted. 
The Spaulding Gas Engine Works, of St. Joseph, 
Mich., are represented by Maltby & Harding, who are 
located on Gravesend Bay at the Marine Basin adjoin- 
ing Ulmer Park. They showed 3J/2 horsepower single 
and 7 horsepower double cylinder engines, with both 
make and break and jump spark. An especially new 
and valuable feature connected with the new Spaulding 
reversing wheel was that the thrust from the propeller 
can never be upon the crank shaft, as it is taken up on 
the outside of the boat against the stern bearing. The 
Maltby Cooking Mufiler allows making of coffee or 
cooking while the engine is running, utilizing the heat 
of the exhaust for the purpose. By using the Maltby 
vaporizer, the engine can be operated either by gas or 
gasolene, simply by shutting off one or the other and 
niaking adjustments. 
Carlyle-Johnson Machine Co., Hartford, Conn., had 
a demonstration of a reversing mechanism for power 
boats, which has been used extensively by the Electric 
Launch Co., of Baydnne, N. J., and several other im- 
portant builders, which is composed entirely of cut 
gears with jack shafts, the whole equipped with John- 
son clutches. The expanding all-metal type is used. 
American and French engines are in this country being 
generally supplied with his clutch on account of its 
light weight and small diameter. The Smith & Mabley 
boat for Mr. Billings and several others in the show 
were equipped with this gear. 
The Victor Non-Corrosive Silver, exhibited by the 
Victor Metals Co., 29 Broadway, N. Y., and manu- 
factured in East Braintre, Mass., attracted a great 
deal of attention from yachtsmen and power boat 
men. The tensile strength is very high, and the metal 
itself is non-corrosive. Many yachts have been fitted 
with this metal, which is giving good satisfaction. 
E. Louvet & Son, Woodhaven, N. Y., had a small 
exhibit of i^, 4 and 8 horsepower, two-stroke engines. 
The head and cylinder is in all cases cast together, and 
head is not water-jacketed, in order to get maximum ex- 
pansion at the time of explosion. What others seemed to 
have ignored in this respect this firm has attempted to 
compass. The brass cap on the top of the cylinder pro- 
tects the operator from getting burned. Monarch 
generator valves are also shown in all styles. 
The Dayton. Electrical Mfg. Co. show the Apple igniter 
belt, gear and friction driven with its adaptation for 
light and ignition. 
The Lackawanna Valveless Motor Co., of Buffalo, 
N= Y:. gave a good demcn.straticr, stopping, starting 
and reversing their engine without touching the fly- 
wheel. Double cylinder 10 horsepower was the only 
size shown. 
^ The reversing propeller, shown by the Fairbanks- 
Grant Co., of Ithaca, N. Y., was of especial interest. 
There are but few three-blade reversing wheels on the 
market. On the extreme ahead position, the wheel is 
approximately a true screw. The two-stroke, 2 horse- 
power engine, with a diaphragm pump attracted a great 
deal of attention. This pump is of an entirely new con- 
struction and for the first time noted in connection 
with the gas engine. 
Snecker engines of several sizes were shown. These 
are manufactured by the Stamford Motor Co., of Stam- 
ford, Conn. Spherical combustion chambers, and the 
engines being started without any danger of back 
kick, as long as admission is delayed, makes them es- 
pecially attractive to those who have suffered injury 
from dangerous back kicks. 
Chas. D. Durkee & Co., 2 and 3 South street, head- 
quarters for yachting goods of various description, had 
one of the most elaborate displays in this line in the 
whole show. Durkee's catalogue includes almost every- 
thing that is needed on a yacht or power boat. 
Imported carburetors, spark coils and the superior 
line of gods manufactured by themselves, were shown 
by Herz & Co., 187 Elm street, N. Y. These goods 
are strictly high grade, and while perhaps expensive, 
are well worth the money. 
C. F. Splitdorf, 17 Vandewater street, N. Y., had a 
full line of the celebrated Splitdorf coils. In the igni- 
tion line for gasolene engines, ' any articles, if not made 
by this enterprising house, will be made on short 
notice. The quality of the goods manufactured is 
strictly of the best. 
The Ever-Ready Batteries, as exhibited by the 
American Electrical Novelty & Mfg. Co., Hudson and 
Vandewater streets, N. Y., were shown to excellent 
advantage. These batteries have been so long on the 
market that their good qualities are fully appreciated 
by the power boat men. 
Charles Miller, 97 Reade street, N. Y., exhibited the 
Michigan Motor Co.'s feathering propeller wheel. 
Michigan reversing gear, an 8 horsepower Barber en- 
gine, Miller marine spark plugs, Hirschell-Spillman 
four cylinder four-stroke 20 horsepower engine. Pitts- 
field coils, pumps, Perdersen oilers, Splitdorf timers, 
searchlights, and so many power boat accessories that 
it would be hard to enumerate them. Miller's trade 
is not alone to the consumer, but to the manufacturer 
as well. 
The perfection reversing gear of W. H. Brodie Co., 
45 Vesey street, N. Y., was of the mitre gear type, 
all parts running in oil. The clutches are all of the 
expanding all-metal type, and on the forward motion 
a direct connection is made with two inch interlocking 
slots, which is an especial novelty. 
The section of a launch cabin, exhibited by the 
Richardson Engineering Co., showed a 3l4 horsepower 
De Dion gasolene engine, single cylinder direct con- 
nected with a K. W. generator switchboard, volt- 
meter and ammeter, automatic circuit breaker and 
switch for charging batteries. Electric arc and in- 
candescent, searchlights were also ' shown. The full 
>ct of coooer-plated in.^trutneiitr; cn 2. m^.rble J'vitch- 
