802 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[April 15, 190S. 
sea. Noon, sun observed; weather threatening; baro- 
meter at 30.3s; distance run, 172 miles; on soundings, 
passed three ships bound west. 
Tuesday, Dec. 25. — ^Throughout these twenty-four 
hours brisk southwest wind, dark and hazy weather. 
At 8 P. M., sighted the Scillys. At 10 P. M., Scillys 
N., 12 miles. At 2:30 A. M., Lizard N., 8 miles. At 
8:30 A. M., Start N., 6 miles. At noon. Bill, of Port- 
land N., 5 miles. Ends with fresh southwest winds, 
everything set and yacht going her best. This closes 
the sequa day. At i P. M., took pilot o£f Portland Hill. 
At 3:45 passed the Needles, and at 5:32 anchored in 
Cowes Roads. 
LOG OF THE HENRIETTA. 
From Sandy Hook to Needles. 
Start, Dec. 11, 1866. 
ember. 
Latitude. 
Longitude. 
Distance, 
12 
40.07 
68.52 
225 
13 
41.33 
64.37 
210 
14 
42.56 
60.32 
203 
15 
44.17 
55.38 
226 
16 
45.48 
50.50 
246 
17 
47.31 
44.18 
280 
18 
49.16 
38.33 
250 
19 
113 
20 
49.50 
30.44 
260 
21 
50,18 
24.51 
159 
22 
50.18 
18,22 
252 
23 
49.59 
13,15 
191 
24 
49.37 
8.51 
172 
25 
50.20 
2.20 
271 
To 
49 
3,106 
Log of Fleetwing. 
From the New York Herald, Jan. 12, 1867. 
Wednesday, Dec. 12. — Lat. 40.22, long. 68.50. At 
I P. M., made all sail, Sandy Hook bearing W.SM., 
distance two miles, moderate gale, in company with 
Henrietta and Vesta, At 10:30 P. M., wind N.W. by W., 
distance run, 239 miles. 
Thursday, Dec. 13. — During this day pleasant breeze 
from N. W. At 8 P. M., Vesta bearing N. byW. At 
6:30 A. M., wind N.N.E., carried away jibboom. At 
7 A. M., in squaresail and light sails; lat, by observa- 
tion, 41.27, long. 63.26; distance run 249 miles; wind 
N.W. 
Friday, Dec. 14. — Commences with pleasant gale 
from N.N.E. At 3:30 P. M., squally with snow; two 
reefs in the mainsail. At 8 P. M., more moderate; out 
all reefs; set light sails; lat. 42.0, long. 58.37; distance 
run 220 miles; wind N.N.E. 
Saturday, Dec. 15. — This day commences with an in- 
creasing gale; in light sails; two reefs in the mainsail, 
bonnet off jib. This day ends with a strong gale and 
cross sea; lat. 42.30, long. 54.41; distance run, 186 miles; 
wind N.E. 
Sunday, Dec. 16.^ — This day begins with a moderate 
gale. At 4 P. M., set all sail; lat. 43.35, long. 49.58; 
distance run 218 miles; wind S.W. 
Monday, Dec. 17. — During this day pleasant gale from 
N.W. All sails set; lat. 44.30, long. 44.50; distance run 
240 miles; Wind N.W. 
Tuesday, Dec. 18. — First part, pleasant breeze from 
N.N.E.; noon, calm, latter part, light from S.W.; lat. 
45.50, long. 41.13; distance run 160 miles. 
Wednesday, Dec. 19. — This day commences with a 
light breeze from S.S.W. At 2 P. M., in all light sails, 
gale increasing, with heavy sea. At seven P. M., blow- 
ing a gale, running under two-reef foresail and fore- 
staysail. At 9 P. M., shipped a sea, which washed six 
of the crew out of the cockpit; hove to for five hours 
under two-reef foresail. At 2 P. M., kept off; latter 
part moderate, wind hauling to west, set squaresail; 
lat. 47.20, long. 37.27; distance run 188 miles. 
Thursday, Dec. 20. — Moderate gale from the west; 
all sails set; lat. 48.2, long. 31.0; distance, 260 miles; 
winds W. 
Friday, Dec. 21. — During this day moderate gale 
from the S; lat. 48.14, long, 25,12; distance run, 136 
miles ; Wind S. 
Saturday, Dec. 22. — During this day fresh gale from 
the S.; passed a ship and a bark bound east; lat. 48.33, 
long. 21.43; distance run, 232 miles. 
Sunday, Dec. 23. — Moderate breeze from the S., with 
a cross sea; lat. 48.57, long. 16.19; distance run, 215 
miles. 
Monday, Dec. 24. — During this day strong breeze 
from the S. At 2 P. M., passed a steamship bound 
west; lat. 49.16, long. 11.22; distance run, 194 miles; 
wind S. 
Tuesday, Dec. 25. — This day commences with strong 
gale from the S.; in light sails, one reef in all sails. 
At 4:40, Bishop's Rock bore N., distance, eight miles. 
At 5 A. M., St. Agnes bore N. by E. Lat. 49-52, long. 
4.36; distance run, 270 miles. At 3 P. M., Start Point 
bore N. W., distance 10 miles. Midnight, passed the 
Needles. At 1:30 anchored in Cowes Roads. 
LOG OF THE FLEETWING. 
From Sandy Hook to Needles, 
Start, Dec. 11, 1866. 
December. 
Latitude. 
Longitude. 
Distance, 
12 
40.22 
68. « 
239 
13 
41.27 
63.26 
247 
14 
42.00 
58.37 
220 
15 
42.30 
54.41 
188 
16 
43.35 
49.58 
218 
17 
44.30 
44.50 
240 
18 
45.50 
41,13 
160 
19 
47.20 
37.27 
188 
20 
48.02 
31.00 
260 
21 
48.14 
25.12 
136 
22 
48.33 
21.43 
232 
23 
48.57 
16.19 
215 
24 
49.16 
11.22 
194 
25 
49.52 
4.36 
270 
To 
130 
3,135 
Log of Vesta. 
From the New York Herald, January 12, 1867. 
Wednesday, Dec. 12. — Fine N.W. wind, and cloudy; 
distance run, 240 miles; lat. 40.27, long. 68.46. 
Thursday, Dec. 13.— Wind N.W., moderate breeze, - 
cloudy weather; distance run, 205 miles; lat. 41.50, long. 
64.6. 
Friday, Dec. 14. — N. wind, fine weather; distance 
run, 205 miles; lat. 43.11, long; 59.52, 
Saturday, Dec, 15,— Comniences with strong N, W. 
wind and very heavy sea; distance run, 227 miles; lat. 
44-31, long. 55,6. 
Sunday, Dec. 16, — Wind W.N.W., strong and rough 
sea; distance run, 234 miles; lat. 45.40, long. 49.53. 
Monday, Dec. 17. — Strong westerly wind and rough 
sea; distance run, 236 miles; lat. 46.42, long. 44.21. 
Tutesday, Dec. 18. — Fresh N.W. breeze and fine 
weather; distance run, 207 miles; lat. 47.40, long. 39.35. 
Wednesday, Dec. 19. — Heavy gale of wind from 
S.S.W., vessel scudding for eight hours; distance run, 
222 miles; lat. 50.56, long. 36.4. 
Thursday, Dec, 20. — Fresh W. wind, sea going down; 
distance run, 277 miles; lat. 50.36, long. 28.54. 
Friday, Dec. 21, — Wind N. W., light and fine weather; 
distance run, 165 miles; lat. 50.36, long. 24.38. 
Saturday, Dec. 22.- — Fine S. breeze, smooth sea; dis- 
tance run, 253 miles; lat. 50.36, long. 17.54. 
Sunday, Dec. 23. — Fine S.W. breeze and smooth sea; 
distance run, 201 miles; lat. 50.11, long. 12.49. 
Monday, Dec. 24. — Light S. breeze, fine weather; dis- 
tance run, 165 miles; lat. 49.55, long. 8.33. 
Tuesday, Dec. 25. — Fine breezes from S.E. to S.S.W. 
Start Point, W.N.W., distance 10 miles. At 8:40, took 
pilot 10 miles W.S.W. of Needles light. Pilot er- 
roneously laid his course for St. Catherines, instead 
of Needles, and nearly run the vessel ashore on the 
point. Wore ship and hauled up for Needles light, 
which brought abeam at 0:40 A. M., Wednesday. Came 
to anchor in Cowes Roads at 3:30 A. M.; distance run 
since last, 209 miles. 
LOG OF THE VESTA. 
From Sandy Hook to Needles. 
Start, Dec. 
11, 1866. 
ecember. 
Latitude. 
Longitude. 
Distance. 
12 
40.27 
68.46 
240 
13 
41.50 
64.06 
205 
14 
43.11 
59.52 
205 
15 
44.31 
55.06 
227 
16 
45.40 
49.53 
234 
17 
46.42 
44.21 ■ 
234 
18 
47.40 
39.35 
207 
19 
50.56 
36.04 
222 
20 
50.36 
28.54 
277 
21 
50.36 
24.38 
165 
22 
50.36 
17.54 
253 
23 
50.11 
12.49 
201 
24 
49.55 
8.33 
165 
25 
50.10 
3.40 
209 
To 
98 
Total 
3,144 
Rhode Island Notes. 
Providence, R. I., April 8.— The annual meeting of 
the Edgewood Y. C. was held this week, and the fol- 
lowing officers were elected for the ensuing year: 
President, C. Fred Vennerbeck; Com., George R. 
Babbitt; Vice-Corn., WilHam Gibbs; Rear-Com., Walter 
D. Wood; Sec'y and Treas., Harry Fulford; Fleet 
Surg., Dr. J. H. Prior; Measurers, Albert C. Davis and 
Fred M. Gammell; Directors, the flag officers and 
George H. Flint, William P. Stone, Henry E. Smith 
and Herman G. Posner; Regatta Committee, Albert C. 
Davis, D. C. Stranger, Robert L. Ward, Cutler Laflin 
and Fred M. Gammell. 
A silver loving cup, 2oin. in height, was presented to 
ex-Com. H. G. Possner, and a handsome stick-pin was 
presented to the retiring President, Charles L Brown. 
The total membership is now 520, and the growing 
activity has necessitated the building of another ad- 
diton to the club house, the work now being in pro- 
gress. The club house was substantially enlarged at 
the beginning of last season. 
At the quarterly meeting of the Washington Park 
Boating Association, held this week, it was unani- 
mously voted that the name of the organization be 
changed to the Washington Park Y. C. The question 
of a summer cruise was left to the decision of Com. 
Patt and a committee. The total membership of the 
club now is 249. The commodore appointed Elgin H. 
Kerr Fleet Captain, and Dr. W. Louis Chapman Fleet 
Surgeon. The boat owners elected the following: Re- 
gatta Committee: Edward Lassone, Arthur L. Almy, T. 
Joseph Pearce, Charles Guy and Roland Shaw; 
Measurers, Albert C. Davis and Charles Guy. 
The Rhode Island Y. C. has issued the first number 
of the R. I. Y. C. Bulletin, a four-page publication that 
will be put out from time to time, with general orders, 
schedules of fixtures and items of general interest to 
yachtsmen. Matinee cruising races will be a feature 
this season, the course being from the home club house 
at Pawtuxet to the Prudence Island station. They will 
be sailed an Saturday afternoons and are for cruising 
boats. The series of the N. B. Y. R. A. open races 
has been placed one week later than the dates pre- 
viously given. The schedule of Narragansett Bay 
fixtures, with the exception of the Edgewood Y. C. 
and Washington Park Y. C. regattas, which have not 
yet been decided, is as follows: 
Tuesday, May 30.— Fall River Y. C, open regatta. 
Saturday, June 17.— Rhode Island Y. C, ladies' day. 
Saturday, June 24.— Bristol Y. C, open regatta. 
Saturday, June 24.— R. I. Y. C, first cruising race. 
Saturday, July i.— Bristol Y. C, ocean race. 
Saturday, July 8.— R. I. Y. C. second cruising race. 
Monday, July 17.— Edgewood Y. C, open 'regatta, 
N. B. Y. R. A. 
Tuesday, July 18.— -Open regatta at Prudence Island, 
N. B. Y. R. A. 
Wednesday, July 19. — Rhode Island Y. C, open re- 
gatta at Prudence Island, N. B. Y. R. A. 
Thursday, July 20. — Team race between R. I. Y. C. 
and Sachem's Head Y. C, off Prudence Island, N. B. 
Y. R. A. 
Friday, July 21. — Fall River Y. C, open regatta, 
N. B. Y. R. A. 
Saturday, July 22.— Bristol Y, C, open regatta, N, 
B. Y. R. A. 
Saturday, July 22.— R. I. Y. C, third cruising race. 
Saturday, July 29. — R. I. Y. C, fourth cruising race. 
Saturday, Aug. 5.— R. I. Y. C, fifth cruising race. 
Saturday, Aug. 12 to Aug. 19.— R. I. Y. C, cruise. 
Saturday, Aug. 19. — R. I. Y. C, Rhode Island day. 
Saturday, Aug. 26.— Rhode Island Y. C, annual race. 
Saturday, Sept. 2.— R. I. Y. C, sixth cruising race. 
Saturday, Sept 9.— Bristol Y. C, opeti regatta. 
F. H. Young. 
Marine Gasolene Engines. 
BY A. E. POTTER. 
(Continued from page 280.) 
An engine 4 inches diameter and 5 inches stroke, other 
conditions being the same, should develop but two-thirds 
of what an engine 5 inches diameter and the same stroke 
would. An engine 5 inches diameter and 4 inches stroke 
should develop 20 per cent, less than a 5-inch by S-inch 
stroke, and some 25 per cent, more than a 4-inch diameter 
and 5-inch stroke. This can best be illustrated by finding 
the piston displacement of the different sizes, which can 
be done by squaring the diameter, multiplying by .7854> 
and that by the stroke in inches. 
The connecting rod in length is governed by the stroke 
of the engine, and by conditions, engine requirements, etc. 
The form is usually of the I-section, although some are 
round, larger in the middle, tapering toward either end; 
others are straight, and occasionally is met one with 
strengthening ribs crossing like the -j- sign in addition. 
One manufacturer uses a square rod with a square cored 
hole the whole length. When made round they are fre- 
quently lightened in weight by means of round holes 
either drilled or cored, but when of the I-section it is fre- 
quently noticed that an outside lubricating conduit is 
used to conduct oil from a hollow wrist pin to the crank 
pin. When the connecting rod is hollow there is no neces- 
sity for the outside piping, and some manufacturers, de- 
pending on other means of lubrication, use neither a hole 
through the rod nor the oil tube. Hard grease is some- 
times' used through a hole in the end of the crank shaft, 
but if of any use for the purpose, has to be several 
times as large as usually at first attempted, to prevent 
filling with dirt and foreign matter, completely stopping 
the passage of grease. 
The upper end of the connecting rod is usually solid, 
although frequently a bronze bushing is used, with a steel 
wrist pin. The wrist pin in the more expensive engines 
is case-hardened and ground, and where this construction 
is used the bushing is quite likely to be also machine steel, 
case-hardened and ground. The lower end sometimes has 
a flat end with halved boxes, or it may be bored round 
to fit the wrist pin, or a round bronze bushing, in halves, 
may be fitted, that they may be renewed should occasion 
require. In two-stroke engines more particularly, some 
manufacturers hinge one side and hold the other by 
means of a machine screw with lock nut and_ cotter pin. 
In this construction there needs to be but a single hand- 
hole plate, and on this account the extra cost of machin- 
ing is more than balanced in work on other parts of the 
engine. 
In one engine at the Boston show the connecting rod 
was solid with bushings and taper wedge take-up. The 
connecting rods had to be put on the shaft before the 
shaft was put in place, and to renew one it would be 
necessary to remove the shaft. 
There is still one other construction that could be men- 
tioned. It is used on but one engine, so far as I know. 
The bearings at either ends are spherical in shape, fitting 
into spherical ends, with taper take-up similar to station- 
ary steam engine construction. Claim is made that any 
imperfections in alignment are cared for, but why any 
such imperfections should occur is rather incompre- 
hensible. Another claim is made that a scraped fit to the 
bearings is unnecessary, that the connections can be made 
with the parts j ust as they come from lathe, drill press or 
milling machine. 
Valves on gasolene engines are perhaps the sub- 
ject of more different designs and various forms of 
construction than almost any other important part 
of its mechanism. 
In two-stroke engines, even those advertised as 
"valveless," there are at least three valves to each 
cylinder, while the four-stroke engine has at least two. 
In the two-stroke engine, three-ported type, the port 
which allows inlet of gasolene vapor and air into the 
crank chamber is a valve, as also is the port which 
allows the gas to pass from the crank case to the ex- 
plosion chamber. The third is the exhaust port. _ If 
the engine is of the older two-ported type there is a 
check valve attached to the inlet, sometimes called a 
vaporizing valve, but nevertheless a check valve. If 
a float feed carburetor is used, there must be a valve 
as well. It is so seldom that mechanically operated 
valves are used in two-stroke engines that but little 
attention will be accorded them. One construction has 
in reality a three-way cock operated by the crank 
shaft, that alternately allows the gas to enter the com- 
pression chamber, and pass into the combustion 
chamber. Another shows large inverted clack or check 
valve, operated automatically, in the top of the cylinder 
head. It was only recently that I noticed an inlet, 
valve on a two-stroke engine, operated by an eccentric 
on a jack shaft, running at the same speed as the 
crank shaft. In order to reverse the direction of the 
engine, two idler take-up sprockets were changed to 
lengthen or shorten the chain drive. What especial 
benefit there was to this - complicated mechanism was 
not apparent to me. 
[to EE CONTINUED.] 
Queries on Marine Motors. 
J. B. W., Smyrna, Del. — Which do you consider better, a bored 
or reamed 'gasolene engine cylinder? 
Ans. — It is a mechanical impossibility to ream a cast 
iron cylinder, using a fluted reamer for the purpose, and 
get it as true as can be done by means of a boring 
bar and cutter mounted on centers in a lathe, or a 
good horizontal boring mill with the outer end of the 
spindle supported in a bushing. A bored cyHnder that 
has to be "trued" with a reamer, is a pretty crude, out- 
of-date engineering proposition. 
A. V. R., St. Louis, Mo. — I contemplate buying a two cylinder 
engine for my boat. Do you consider it practical to lubricate 
engine cylinders and connecting rods by mixing cylinder oil with 
gasolene, as one manufacturer advises? 
Ans. — To satisfy yourself, whether or not such a 
plan is feasible, put a few drops of cylinder oil in a 
clear glass bottle, fill it with gasolene and let it stand 
an hour or two. Cylinders should_ be lubricated by 
oil which reaches the walls ol the cylinders, pistons and 
rings, rather than mixed with the gasolene if such a 
thing were possible. 
