62 
Arctic and Antarctic Exploration [part i 
The gallant explorer and all his companions perished 
before the spring's arrival, though some survived into 
January. The ship was found by some Russian fishermen, 
and Mr Killingworth, the Company's agent in Russia, sent 
a ship to bring the property home. Sir Hugh Willoughby 's 
journal and his will, with other papers, were recovered. 
Milton, in his history of Muscovia, says that the ship 
was also despatched on her return, "but being unstaunch 
as is supposed, she sunk by the way with her dead, and 
them also that brought them." Milton was, however, 
mistaken. The ships returned safely to England under 
the command of John Buckland, with the body of Sir 
Hugh Willoughby and his effects. Like La Perouse and 
Franklin, Sir Hugh Willoughby, England's first Arctic 
explorer, perished in the midst of his discoveries — a 
glorious close to his honourable career. 
Chancellor, in the Edward Bonaventure, after parting 
from the other two vessels, proceeded to Vardo, where 
he waited for seven days. He then continued the 
voyage, entered the White Sea, and obtained supplies 
and information from the Russians at Kholmogori, 
afterwards called Archangel. He was told that the 
country was ruled by a king named Ivan Vasilivitch, 
and eventually it was arranged that he should make 
a journey to Moscow, where he was well received, tra- 
velling back to his ship, and making the return voyage 
to England. He had discovered Russia, and an im- 
portant trade between the two countries was begun. It 
would be difficult to over-estimate the commercial import- 
ance of our first Arctic expedition. 
The Muscovy Company received a charter of incor- 
poration in Februaryi555,and in June Richard Chancellor 
was sent on a second voyage with two ships, the Edward 
Bonaventure and the Philip and Mary. George Killingworth 
accompanied him as the Company's agent. Chancellor 
again visited Moscow, and rejoined the Edivard Bona- 
venture at Kholmogori with a Russian Ambassador, in 
July 1556. In November she arrived off Pitsligo, near 
Aberdeen, where she was driven on the rocks during a 
heavy gale. Chancellor perished in an attempt to reach 
the shore in a boat, but the Russian Ambassador was 
safely landed, and honourably received in London. The 
