ch. viii] Stephen Burrough 
63 
narrative of Chancellor's first voyage was written in Latin 
by Edward Adam, the learned young schoolmaster to 
King Edward's pages, who received his information from 
Chancellor himself. It is given in English by Hakluyt. 
The first Arctic expedition thus opened the trade to 
Russia, a great service, the first of many which Polar 
exploration has done to this country. But we must 
leave the Company's agents actively engaged in the 
establishment of that trade to follow the course of dis- 
covery. Of the crew of Chancellor's ship, we hear again 
of at least six. The two merchants John Hasse and 
Richard Johnson were useful agents whose reports are 
given by Hakluyt. John Buckland, the master's mate, 
commanded the ship which went to recover the journal 
and effects of his chief, Sir Hugh Willoughby. Stephen 
and William Burrough and Arthur Pet continued the 
work of discovery, and the two former became very 
distinguished naval officers. 
Stephen Burrough is the third name on our Arctic 
roll of honour, following Willoughby and Chancellor. 
He was born at Borough in the parish of Northam near 
Bideford in Devonshire, in 1525, and was Master of the 
Edward Bonaventure under Chancellor at the age of 28. 
His brother William was eleven years younger, and 
served as a sailor boy under Stephen. In 1556 a pinnace 
called the Searchthrift was fitted out by the Muscovy 
Company for discovery, and Stephen Burrough was 
entrusted with the command. His brother William went 
with him. On the 27th of April the Searchthrift was 
at Gravesend, and was visited by the managers of the 
Company and several ladies, who after a collation on 
board, distributed liberal presents to the men, and gave 
a banquet followed by dancing at the Christopher Inn. 
On the 29th they left Gravesend, and by the end of 
May the Searchthrift was off the well-known headland 
to which Burrough gave the name North Cape. 
Thence the explorers sailed along the Murman coast, 
as the Russians call the northern shore of the Kola 
Peninsula. It consists of high and precipitous granite 
cliffs with some harbours towards the western end. At 
the river Kola the English voyagers met with a number of 
Russian boats called lodias, chiefly belonging to Kholmo- 
