1 86 Arctic and Antarctic Exploration [part i 
contracts to a quarter of a mile, and the winding of the 
strait gives the appearance of passing through a suc- 
cession of lakes surrounded by lofty mountains and 
overhanging precipices, while many glaciers pour down 
the mountain sides almost to the water's edge. At the 
eastern end there is a deep inlet on the northern side. 
Throughout this region the raised terraces give evidence 
of the land having been upheaved to a height of from 
500 to 600 feet. The eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya is 
comparatively low and barren. It has many bays and 
harbours and all the promontories terminate in steep 
cliffs. The beautiful little grass, Pleuropogon Sabinii, 
which is found in Franz Josef Land, but is very rare in 
other parts of the Arctic regions, grows in profusion in 
Novaya Zemlya and was found by Colonel Feilden at 
Belusha Bay of South Goose Land, in Nameless Bay, and 
in the valleys on both sides of the Matyushin Strait. 
The west coast of Lutke Land forms a succession of 
large indentations, and there are glaciers at the head of 
almost every bay, winding between the mountain ranges. 
Beyond Admiralty Peninsula the coast trends more to the 
east, and at Cape Nassau, in 76 0 20' N., it turns almost 
due east. Here many glaciers extend along the coast, and 
the hills appear to be from 1000 to 2000 feet in height. 
Off the northern coast are the two Orange Islands, each 
about half a mile long, with precipitous sides and flat 
summits about a hundred feet above the sea. The 
eastern shores of Barentsz and Lutke Lands are low and 
barren. 
The first circumnavigation of Novaya Zemlya is attri- 
buted to a pilot named Loshkin in 1760, and eight years 
afterwards Lieutenant Rosmyssloff wintered in the 
Matyushin Shar and made a survey. From 1821 to 
1824 Admiral Lutke made an admirable survey of the 
whole west coast of Novaya Zemlya during four summers. 
Subsequently the pilot Zinvolka made several exploring 
voyages, in one of which he was accompanied by Professor 
Baer 1 , who made large botanical and zoological collec- 
tions. Zinvolka's last voyage was in 1838, when he died 
during the winter in Cross Bay. 
1 A Corresponding Member of the Royal Geographical Society, 1843. 
He died in 1876. 
