292 Arctic and Antarctic Exploration [part i 
country of the Samoyeds and the Lapps in 1893, care- 
fully studying their dress and equipments, and to some 
extent adopting them. Mr Harmsworth, the newspaper 
proprietor, having found the funds, the Windward, an 
old whaler, was bought, and an expedition fitted out. 
Jackson was a keen sportsman, and a man of original 
mind, ready to adopt the well-tried methods of his pre- 
decessors, but quite as ready to invent new contrivances, 
or to make improvements as experience suggested. He 
had with him Lieut. Armitage, an excellent officer of 
the P. and O. service, as surveyor and astronomer, 
Dr Koettlitz as surgeon and geologist, and three other 
men of science. As the Windward was to land the party 
and return, a log house was taken in pieces, besides four 
ponies and sixteen dogs for sledge work, and three years' 
provisions. 
The house was built on Northbrook Island, where 
there was likely to be a supply of walrus and bear, as 
strong currents prevented the formation of permanent 
ice. Unfortunately the Windward was obliged to winter 
also, and scurvy broke out, but she returned in the fol- 
lowing summer. After a short preliminary run of a week, 
the important journey northwards was commenced on 
the 16th April, 1895, with three ponies drawing six 
sledges, and provisions for 63 days; but the journey 
actually only occupied 26 days. The sledges were 9 ft. 
6 in. long, with a width of only 18 in., which is much 
too narrow. The allowance of food per man per day 
was 3 lb. — about the same as M'Clintock's scale. Their 
aluminium cooking apparatus (5^ lb.) was an invention 
of Jackson's, and they provided themselves against an 
arrest of progress on meeting water by taking an alu- 
minium boat (150 lb.) and a canvas kayak. 
The clothing was an imitation of that worn by the 
Lapps — militzas or loose frocks with the fur inside, 
and tobacks or hay-stuffed boots for the feet. Jackson 
wore knee breeches of warm cloth, a loose jumper of 
thick woollen stuff, a close-fitting cap covering ears and 
back of the neck, a cloth mask, and a light linen covering. 
The tent was a low cone, difficult to pitch in a gale. It 
was pitched for luncheon, and warm tea was made, with 
biscuit, cheese, and bacon. They had no sleeping-bags. 
