ch. xlv] The Great Southern Continent 391 
of Le Maire, rounding Cape Horn, and being the first to 
circumnavigate Tierra del Fuego. They gave the name of 
San Ildefonso to Cape Horn. Moreover they got still 
nearer to the Antarctic regions, discovering rocks in 
56 0 31' 8", fifty-seven miles S.W. of Cape Horn, which 
they named Diego Ramirez after their pilot. 
While the explorers, by the action of adverse gales, 
were thus painfully making discoveries in the far south, 
the map-makers were presenting geographical students 
with a vast southern continent. In the map of the 
world by Ortelius (Antwerp, 1570) the outline of this 
"Terra Australis" is carried round the world as far 
north, in some places, as the tropic of Capricorn. 
Australia is included in it, but New Guinea is an island. 
There is the mysterious gold-yielding province called 
Beach, on a peninsula near Java Minor. In the G. de 
Jode's map of 1578, New Guinea is made part of Terra 
Australis. Mercator, in his Duisburg map of 1587, has 
the Beach province and Java Minor, following Ortelius. 
The map of 1589 makes New Guinea an island again. 
The southern continent is shown in the same way on the 
Molyneux globe. The Mercator Atlas, published by 
Hondius at Amsterdam in 1623, represents the Terra 
