ch. lv] Otto Nordenskiold" s Voyage 
437 
extreme north-west end of Graham Land, in order to 
reach Nordenskiold by land. His companions were 
Lieutenant Duse and a seaman. Insuperable obstacles 
intervened to prevent the completion of their journey, 
and they returned to Hope Bay, where they built a stone 
hut. The abundance of penguins and seals prevented 
any danger from starvation or scurvy, and Dr Andersson 
found that the locality was rich in fossils. 
The Antarctic had left in order to embark the party 
with Nordenskiold, but she was beset off Joinville Island, 
drifted away, and underwent great pressure in the pack. 
This continued, her ribs were broken and she began to 
sink, but there was fortunately time to get all the boats 
out and fill them with provisions and stores before the 
ship foundered off Paulet Island, The shipwrecked crew 
pulled to the shore and Captain Larsen established 
winter quarters and built a stone house. In the spring 
Dr Andersson and his party succeeded in reaching Norden- 
skiold's winter quarters, and a little later Captain Larsen 
manned a boat and went to Hope Bay only to find 
Andersson and his comrades gone. He then went on to 
Nordenskiold's winter quarters, where he found both 
parties all well. 
When the Nordenskiold expedition did not return 
after the first winter, grave anxiety was felt. The 
Argentine Government ordered their naval attache in 
London, a young officer named Julio Irizar, to obtain 
all the necessary equipment, and then to proceed to 
Buenos Aires and take command of a relief ship. He 
came to me for advice, and the able Antarctic Secretary 
of the Royal Geographical Society, Mr Cyril Longhurst, 
gave him all possible assistance with regard to equipment. 
After visiting Norway for furs and other gear, he sailed 
for Buenos Aires and took command of the Uruguay 
relief ship. On the 8th November, 1903, he arrived off 
Snow Hill Island, and took all the Swedes on board with 
their valuable collections. Thence proceeding to Paulet 
Island he ultimately found the shipwrecked crew, and all 
were taken safely home. Captain Irizar conducted his 
relief expedition with remarkable skill and ability from 
start to finish. 
The geographical results of the Nordenskiold ex- 
