462 Arctic and Antarctic Exploration [part 11 
and 630 lb. could be devoted to provisions, a total of 
1200 lb., i.e. about 200 lb. per man at starting. Our con- 
stant weights in the Arctic regions were 440 lb., provisions 
8401b., making a total of 1280 lb. 
Ski were given a fair trial, but all were novices, and it 
was found that a party on foot invariably beat a party on 
ski. 
For clothing, furs were eschewed, thick cloth was 
used, and over all a suit of thin and loose gaberdine, 
consisting of a blouse and breeches, fitting closely, however, 
about the neck, wrists, and ankles. "Balaclava" helmets 
were the head-gear, with special protection for the ears 
and back of the neck. In summer, when the glare was 
great, broad-brimmed felt hats were preferred. For the 
hands, fur or felt mitts were worn over long woollen half- 
mitts. For the feet finneskos were used. These are Lapp 
reindeer-fur boots, the soles being of the hard skin of 
reindeer legs. Two pairs of socks were worn and the 
boots were stuffed with fine hay before they were put on. 
There were three kinds of goggles in use, one wire gauze 
with smoked glass, another a piece of leather with a slit 
in place of the glass, the third made out of a piece of wood 
with cross slits cut for the eyes. The latter, used also by 
the Eskimos, were the best, but attacks of snow blindness 
could not be altogether prevented. 
Scott adopted a quite different kind of hauling gear 
from any hitherto used. Instead of working from the 
shoulder, a broad band of webbing was worn round the 
waist with braces for supports. The two ends of the 
band were fastened by an iron ring to which a rope was 
attached, secured to the trace. The men were thus 
upright when pulling, and Scott believed that the weight 
was thus distributed evenly over the upper part of the 
body, w T hich made the pulling easier, and gave greater 
freedom for breathing. 
With regard to the use of dogs there were two ways of 
treating them. There was the idea of bringing them all 
back safe and well, which was M'Clintock's way, and there 
was the way of getting the greatest amount of work 
possible out of them, regardless of everything else, and 
using them as food, which was Nansen's and Peary's way. 
If dogs are treated with humanity, they are in the writer's 
