496 Arctic and Antarctic Exploration [part ii 
a space for the physicist and his instruments, a space for 
charts, instruments, and chronometers, and on the sides 
the 16 bed-places. Arrangements for light, warmth, and 
cooking were very satisfactory. The ten surviving ponies 
were made comfortable in their stables by the Russian 
lads. 
The last day of the sun was April 23rd. Throughout 
the winter there was much to be done and many calcula- 
tions to be made respecting the great journey. Everyone 
was always busy and the daily exercising of the horses 
was no simple task. Every Sunday divine service was 
held. There were frequent lectures, generally on subjects 
connected with Antarctic travelling or scientific work, 
often illustrated, and always followed by a discussion. 
So the winter passed, with the most perfect good fellow- 
ship. The South Polar Times was again started under 
the editorship of Cherry Garrard, well aided by Dr Wilson's 
admirable illustrations. 
Dr Wilson was anxious to visit the emperor penguin 
rookery in order to secure eggs of the bird at such a stage 
as would furnish a series of early embryos by which alone 
the particular points of interest in the development of the 
bird could be worked out — this penguin being supposed 
to be the nearest approach to the primitive form. The 
journey entailed the risk of travelling in the winter and 
in darkness, for the birds nest in the coldest season of 
the year, early in July. 
The party consisted of Dr Wilson, Lieut. Bowers, 
and Cherry Garrard, with two sledges and provisions for 
five weeks. They started on June 27th, 1911, and next 
day passed round Cape Armitage, and turned in the 
direction of Cape Crozier. At night the temperature was 
-56 0 Fahr. On July nth, off Mount Terror, the wind 
from S.S.W. blowing a gale, brought the temperature up 
in a most extraordinary way to + 7 0 Fahr., with heavy 
snow-fall. On the 15th they got to a height overlooking 
the barrier cliffs, with a magnificent view, the whole 
range of pressure ridges at their feet, looking "as if 
giants had been ploughing with ploughs that made 
furrows fifty or sixty feet deep." The Ross Sea was 
completely frozen over, except an open lead along the 
coast. On this height at about 800 ft. they built a stone 
