522 
Index 
Canadian Arctic expeditions, 362 
et seq. 
Canynge, William, sends ships to 
the Arctic, 58 
Capes 
Adare, 415, 417, 433, 456, 470, 477 
Armitage, 458, 496 
Bernacchi, 480 
Bird, 470 
Bismarck, 370 
Bridgman, 371 
Chelagskoi, 182, 183 
Chelyuskin, 15, 323, 341 
Chidley, 100 
Colombia, 355 et seq. 
Crozier, 456, 470, 471, 476, 492, 
496 
Elizabeth, 390 
Evans, 492 et seq. 
Farewell, named by Davis, 96; 
sighted by Baffin, 114; sighted 
by Munk, 150 
Fligely, 290, 294 
Horn, 390, 420 
Jakan, 183, 324 
North, 417, 477, 493 
Riley, relics at, 253, 254 
Royds, 479 
Sparbo, 355 
Taimyr, 323 
York, 202 ; birds of, 24 
Carcass, 172 et seq. 
Cardamine bellidifolia, 295 
Cardigan Strait, 349 
Carex arenaria, 342 
— » vesicaria, 334 
Carlsbergfondet expedition, 367 
Carlsen, Capt., circumnavigates 
Spitsbergen, 286 
Carpenter, Dr, 427 
Cary, Allwyn, 138, 142, 144 
— Islands, 144, 261, 312, 313, 325 
Castor, 431 et seq. 
Cathay, passage to, 105, 106, 118 
— Company, 85 
Cavendish expedition, 101 
Ceraslium alpinum, 295 
Challenger, 428 
Challenger Expedition, 428 
"Challenger Gap," 508 
Chancellor, Nicholas, sails with Pet, 
66 
— Richard, sails with Willoughby, 
60; visits Moscow, 62; narrative 
of his voyage, 63 
Chanticleer, 401, 423 
Charcot, his Antarctic expedition, 
441 
— Land, 442 
Charles, 152 et seq. 
Charles Darwin Island, 422 
Chatham Island, 418 
Chelyuskin, .176, 177 
— Cape, 15, 323, 341 
Cherrie Island v. Cherry Island 
Cherry Island (Bear Island), 73, 121 
Chesterfield Inlet, 166 
Chidley Cape, 100 
Chilham, 107, 108 
Christian IV sends expedition to 
Greenland, 112; claims Spits- 
bergen, 124 
Christianity reaches Iceland, 42 ; 
introduced into Greenland, 43 
Christianshaab, 162, 164 
Chukchis, v. Tchuktches 
Churches, at East Bygd, 47, 48; in 
Greenland, 51 ; ruins of Greenland, 
52 
Churchill, 167 
Churchward, John, 98, 99 
Circum-polar coast, 18; trees, 13; 
tribes, 13 
Clavering, Douglas, 279; death of, 
281 
Clavus, Claudius, maps of, 54 
Clements Markham Glacier, 380 
Clerke, Capt., 171, 394 
Clio, 238, 240 
Clothing, Arctic, 292, 352; M'Clin- 
tock's, 257; Nansen's, 334, 342; 
Peary's, 337 
— Antarctic, Amundsen's, 482 ; 
Scott's, 462; Shackleton's, 478 
Coal at Kudlisit, 312; in Ellesmere 
Island, 350; in Finmarken, 73; in 
Spitsbergen, 361 ; near Lady 
Franklin Bay, 309 
Coats Land, 440 
Cochleana fenesirata, 295 
Cockayne, Sir William, 106, 108, 
Cockbum Island, 423 
Cod, 98 
Codex Flateyensis, 38 
Colbeck, Capt. William, 433, 467 et 
seq., 476 
Cole, Humphrey, inventor of the 
Log, 152 
Collins, Grenville, 156 
Collinson, Capt., 263 
Collision of Erebus and Terror, 419 
Commonwealth Bay, 487 
Continental shelf, 340, 356; Ant- 
arctic, 397. 435 
Conway, Sir Martin, crosses Spits- 
bergen, 361 et seq.; his books on 
Spitsbergen, 362 
