OBSERVATIOKS ON HOTARU-IKA WATASENIA SCINTILLANS. 85 
as soon as the spermatophore is stimulated with the point of the dissecting 
needle, the spring and connecting sheath coil together forming a ball-shape. 
By this action the packet of the spermatozoa moves toward the other extre- 
mity, and at the same time, the outer sheath of the spermatophore breaks up. 
Now the packet comes out, and by its rupture the spermatozoa are discharged 
therefrom (PI. II, figs. 8, 9). 
8. Spermatophores Fixed in the Female. 
All the females which were caught from the latter part of April till the 
middle of May had without exception 2 bundles of spermatophores, so far 
as I am aware, which were tightly fixed on the nape under the velum of the 
siphon. Here it has a special adjustment in a form of a pit so as to receive 
the bundles of spermatophores (PI. II, figs. 5,6). The number of spermato- 
phores in a bundle differs with the individuals as well as with the bundles of 
each individual. This number varies from i to 13 but as a rule it is about 7. 
This was ascertained from 50 specimens caught at the same time. 
The spermatophores show no greater variation in their number than that 
just described, even in the specimens of the later seasons. Here it must be 
emphasized that the female individuals with spermatophores fixed have no 
new addition by other males. The spermatophores are seen always to fuse 
together in a bundle at the basal extremity, thus proving that they were 
fixed at one time. Each spermatophore of an attached bundle shows the 
same configuration as those treated artificially as mentioned before. 
9. Facts Concerning Fate of the Male- 
Discovering, from the fresh specimens which I obtained at Namerikawa, 
that every female has a more vividly coloured liver than the opposite sex and 
in this season always carries 2 bundles of spermatophores at its nape, I showed 
these differences to some students of the Fishery Institute, who henceforth 
were able easily to select 132 male specimens from about 10,500 specimens of 
the total catch on April 25, 191 3. In like manner, many males were obtained 
as given in the following tables, which show at the same time the ratio of the 
male to the female. 
