SCHIN. YOSCIIIDA 
yo"/„ alcohol for three hours, after that in pure alcohol for twenty-six hours, 
in Xylol for twenty-four hours, and so on, then embedded in paraffin, stained 
with Vangieson's solution and Haematoxylin. The pad of the dog and cat 
I hav'e preserved in the same manner. 
I must express my gratitude to Professor Haeckel and his assistant 
Fraeulein Dr. Kuttner for the kind encouragement and advice they have 
always given me and also to Professor Thomas in the British Museum for his 
kindness in allowing me to inspect so much material. 
1. Microscopic and Macroscopic Observation of the Ergot 
The Ergot is the name applied to the mass of wart-like horn situated in 
the tuft of hair on the inner side of the fetlock. Its size varies in the case of 
different horses and with different ages. Among the Equidae, when the Ergot 
appears on both fore and hind feet, according to my measurements, it is larger 
on the latter than on the former, but in many cases it is found on the hind 
feet only, with no trace of one on the fore feet. 
Generally, the Ergot is larger among the heavier breeds of horses than 
in the smaller breeds, but there are exceptions. Very small horses, as for in- 
stance native breeds, sometimes have a large Ergot on the hind foot, and in 
the case of pjiglish thoroughbreds it is sometimes larger than among heavy 
horses. In conclusion I will repeat that : 
1. ) When the Ergot is found on fore and hind feet it is larger on the 
latter than on the former, 
2. ) Sometimes it is found on the hind feet alone. 
Professor Zietzmann's measurements of the diameter of the Ergot on the 
donkey are, on the forefoot, .2.0 cm., on the hind foot 2.3 cm. Its thickness, 
however, though small in comparison with the Callosity yet measures some 
millemeters. 
Among Zebras, the diameter of the Ergot on the hindfoot is 2.0 cm. 
larger than that on the fore foot. 
