202 
ON TIIF. sroMAC'U Cll.ANDS OK TIIK RAT AND RABIUT 
cal side of that stomach's function, the stomach gland has been studied by 
many anatomists. 
As tlicse studies, liowevcr, have been repeated by many histologists, I 
confine my remarks to a citation of tlie results in chronological order. 
In 1836, Support l?oyd was the first to study the stomach glands of the 
pig. He wrote that in the cavities of the mucous membrane there are no 
glands, but that blind sack-like glands take their place. He distinguished 
the Cardia and Fundus glands by their contents. 
In I 838, Bischoff remarked from the histological side that there a.rc many 
varieties in stomach glands, and threw some light on this subject. 
In 1839, Wassmann studied the stomach of the pig, and distinguished 
three kinds of stomach glands: the Cardia gland, the Pylorus gland and the 
Fundus gland. 
In 1870, Heidenhcin, in the so-called Pepsin gland, distinguished two 
kinds of cells: the chief cells and the Parietal cells; to the glands which are 
in the Pylorus part he gave the name of Pylorus glands and to those in 
the P'undus part the name of Fundus glands. 
Kölliker, found in the cardiac part of the human stomach some glands, 
which are distinguished by their histological structure from the Fundus glands. 
These glands he called the cardial glands. He published his observations 
in, "Mikroskopische Anatomie, Bd. 11 (1850)." 
In 1882, Ellenberger examined the stomachs of different domestic ani- 
mals and worte that the part of the stomach of many animals in which these 
glands are found, do not resemble to corresponding parts of the human 
stomach. p'urther, in 1885, he studied, with Hofmeister the stomach of 
the pig, and found besides the Pylorus and Fundus glands, still another 
peculiar gland in the cardiac part. This he named the cardia gland, and wrote 
that this cardia gland in the stomach of the pig is of a quite different his- 
tological structure from the Cardial gland which KiUliker had previously 
found in the human stomach. In 1887, he worte in his handbook that he had 
found the cardiac gland in the narrow strip close to the Margo Plicatus. 
