S. YOSCHIDA 203 
In 1889, Edelmann examined the stomach glands of various animals and, 
by the peculiar arrangement, direction and epithel of the gland tubes, distin- 
guished the cardiac gland from the Pylorus and Fundus glands. He detail- 
ed many characteristics of the cardiac gland : that the cardiac gland has no 
Parietal cells, and that many lymph vessels are to be found in the Mucous 
Membrane. He further wrote that the cardiac gland is to be found in the 
connection of the Mucous Membrane of the Oesophagus and the digestive 
Mucous Membrane of the stomach, in a special bag in a separated part of 
the fore stomach. He found the cardiac gland in Mus muscuraris, Mus docu- 
manis and other animals, but not in Lepus-timidus and many other ruminants. 
In 1898, Scheffer found special glands in the human stomach that corres- 
pond to the cardiac glands of animals. In this case these glands have Parietal 
cells, and the gland tubes are covered with cup-cells that are not affected by 
mucous staining, but have a colour reaction similar to that of the Pylorus 
and fundus glands. 
In 1896, Professor Oppel published a text book, "Lehrbuch der verglei- 
chenden mikroskopischen Anatomie der Wirbeltiere". In the first volume of 
this he collected all the literature on the subject up to the time of writing and 
formed a hypothesis for the cardiac gland as follows : "The large expansion 
is a sinking proceeding : the cardiac gland is not a peculiar gland". For this 
great work which has served as a key to all histologists who study the stomach 
glands, we must offer him our best thanks. 
In 1902, Bensley said that the cardiac gland is a degenerated organ which 
has been formed from the fundus gland by the disappearance of its characte- 
ristic parts : the parietal cells and the zymogenic chief cells ; also that the 
cells of the cardiac gland show no difference from those of the pylorus and 
fundus glands. 
In 1907, Froehlich found in the stomach of the horse a peculiar gland, 
which, in its characteristics, is intermediate between the cardiac and the fundus 
glands. To these he gave the name of, "Übergangsdrüsen" of "Intermedial 
Drüsen." The histological structure of these glands resembles that of the 
