204 ON THE STOMACH C.LANDS OF Tin<: RAT AND KAHIUT 
pylorus glands in one respect and that of the cardiac glands in many others. 
These glands may be stained with congo red hut not with muci carmin. 
The j)ylorus glands, on the contrary, are reacted on with Mucous stain. To 
distinguish these "Übergangsdrilsen" from other glands, he made the fol- 
lowing studies: Material, not embedded in paraffin and unstained is spread 
out in a drop of warm water placed on the objective glass, the "Übergangs- 
drüsen" will then show an opaque yellow-grey colour while the Pylorus 
glands show a dark grey-blue shade. 
He fmlher studied the stomachs of goats, cattle and pigs, and found many 
varieties of "Übergangsdrüsen" in these. In the Mucous Membrane of the 
dog's stomach which forms the transition to the Oesophagus, he found three 
varieties of glands : the Seroese and Mucoese cardiac glands and the true Fun- 
dus glands. These glands generally have Parietal cells. The Seroese and 
Mucoese cardiac glands can be stained with Mucous stain to the blind end, the 
end part of the gland is very little coloured, the reaction on a narrow side part 
being very good. 
In conclusion he said that the histological structure and chemical con- 
tents arc not the same, but that these glands are to be considered as a philo- 
genetical simplification and are much simplified descendants of the Fundus 
glands. 
In 1905, Hamme wrote of the cardiac glands of the stomach of domestic 
mammals and distinguished them from other stomach and oesophageal glands 
as follows: The pylorus gland is generally straight, and broadened at the 
blind end while the cardiac gland has a snake-like form, no broadened end 
and runs singly. He also made a comparison between the cells of the 
cardiac, pylorus and fundus glands, but as I wish to compare his results 
with my own histological studies I will write of these later. 
Besides these he made chemical studies and said that the fermentative 
contents of the cardiac gland are amylolitic, but the rennet, milk-acid, fat and 
peptic ferment are absent. In conclusion he wrote that the cardiac gland is by 
its chemical and histological structure quite different from the pylorus and 
