S. YOSCHIDA 
221 
mach from each other is oesophagal in its microscopical texture and 
is to be looked upon as a part of the cardiac sac. 
The distal or ventricular part of the stomach is, as in other mammals, 
to be subdivided into two parts by the nature of the glands occurring 
in respective parts. The proximal part represents the fundus where- 
in open chiefly the Fundus glands ; the distal part constitutes the 
Pylorus possessing the so-called Brunner's glands. The latter part 
is very small in extent as compared with the former. 
The three kinds of glands discernible in the rat 's stomach are dis- 
tributed, but not intermingling over three zones well marked off 
against eachother. The cardiac glands occur along the boundary 
ridge in a narrow zone, about three glands in breadth, descrsbing an 
ellipse. Whilst the fundus glands do not differ from those in other 
mammals, the Pylorus glands show a remarkable contrast ; they are 
neither branched nor croocked, nor do they enter the Submucosa 
layer, being represented by simple slender tubular glands. 
In the two species, Mus muscuraris and Mus documanus, I have been 
unable to find a different arrangement. 
The superficial epithelium cells of the Fundus gland and the super- 
ficial epithelium cells of the Pylorus have the same histological struc- 
ture and are very similar to the cardiac gland cells. 
The duodenal glands show a great contrast to the pyloric glands and 
thereby the two parts of the alimentary tractus are sharply separated 
from each other ; the duodenal glands are repeatedly branched, not 
only so but much crooked, so that the Submucosa layer containing 
them is considerably extended in thickness. This feature is, how- 
ever, to be seen only in the beginning of the Duodenum ; the canal 
shows a sudden decrease in branching and consequently in thick- 
ness in its submucosa layer. 
